Just seconds, as others report. But my solution was different than the one shown by "twosummers." So, how many different (ignoring rotating the grid) combos are there?
Verryl

The Oort Cloud is named for Jan Oort, the Dutch astronomer who predicted its existence in the 1950s.

I donno nuttin about "ort"

Verryl

Me agrees.

I was using an electric chain saw to cut down a small tree (about 8-10" trunk diameter) in a space close to buildings on each side with a sidewalk between. I started near the top from a ladder about 12-15 feet above the sidewalk. After I got the tree top cut off, I started cutting trunk chunks of about about 18" long, and let them fall where they may. After 1 or 2 such cuts, the saw stopped. I looked down and the latest chunk had landed with the edge of a cut right on the extension cord and cut it clean as could be.

That's a good rule, however, my pipe on the outside wall immediately fed an outside hose bib. So I used the electrical heating strap wrapped around the short amount of pipe there.

Verryl

As to the McDonald's: Years ago I had a franchise, and it was a strict policy not to make change for anyone who just wanted to break a large bill without purchasing anything. The McD's corporation taught that to avoid "fast change" artists taking advantage of the teen window-men. (It was in the early 1970's before girls were hired.) One time a young man got taken for $20. I discovered his register was short about that amount--within a few cents. He described how this con man did it. After he did, I said, "I can see how we got taken for $10, but you were short $20."

"Oh!" he said. "I know I did it right, because I did it twice for him!"

I later owned a large restaurant with a older lady cashier who worked all 8 hours we were open. A fast change artist tried to pay with a $20 bill, but when she described the action of the guy, she said, "I thought it was funny, and he was a fast talker, and he then asked for a bigger bill back for some of her change and another smaller bill from his wallet. He was in a hurry to pick up the money, so I bent over the counter and covered all the bills up, and said, 'Hold it,'" and physically leaned over the counter to cover all the money she had counted out. Then he said, "OK, and I gave him his proper change, and he left."

She had encountered the same con. See it done at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ci7IhwiiiDw

So, police and cashier training pros suggest not making change at all, as did the McDonald's Corp when they trained me just before I took over my franchise.

search for "heating tape for pipes" on Amazon.

First one I got was $29.95, comes on at 38 degrees automatically. Needs a convenient elec outlet of course.

I have had one from Home Depot in an outside wall, and a roll up door is next to it. The inside wall is to my unheated shop. It has been there 6 years or so. I screwed a piece of plywood over the cut out wallboard, so I'd have easy access, but your door is more finished. It is in the corner of my shop behind shovels and rakes, so the plywood is fine for me.

Verryl

My wife and I also detest the dark screens and lack of detail. You often can't see what is going on.

Some of the reasons make sense for outside scenes, but indoor ones with artificial lighting? Come on! My guess is the think it is artistic. My opinion is that it is laziness.

Maybe he planned to charge by the hour.

Just remember that the moon is a daytime, sun lit object. The dark sky is just background, not the object of your shot(s). So start with a medium aperture ~f/4, and normal ISO and 1/125 to 1/250 second, which 3 comprise "exposure." then shoot a range of exposures, and remember photons, unlike film, are cheap.

Verryl
ex astrophotographer

I need to know. How'd you do it?

"log" is short hand for "logarithm," actually logarithms to the base 10. Natural logarithms are normally abbreviated "ln". The are to the base e. From Wikipedia, "The natural logarithm of a number is its logarithm to the base of the mathematical constant e, which is an irrational and transcendental number approximately equal to 2.718281828459..." It has no end of digits either. "The natural logarithm of x is generally written as ln x, loge x, or sometimes, if the base e is implicit, simply log x." In the form "loge x" the e is a subscript, not possible in UH.

Verryl

Fractions are indeed ratios, but ratios of which whole(s)? Thus they may seem vague.

Whole numbers are indeed finite, but If a number has a decimal part, they are not necessarily exact.

A number may be "irrational," meaning that its decimal form neither ends (like 1/4 = 0.25) nor becomes repetitive (like 1/6 = 0.166666... ), or the fractional part repeats endlessly in a string of random digits.

For example, the square root of any number that is not a perfect square (2, 3, 5, 8, and so on) is irrational.

Irrational numbers may repeat endlessly with random digits or with a single repeating digit or with a group of digits that repeats endlessly. These repetitive ones continue forever, and are thus not exact. The repetition may be a single digit or a group of digits like the square root of 2/7, which fractional part repeats the digits 2857142857 endlessly. They cannot be said to be exact, no matter how far the division is carried out. Fractions with denominators 7, 11, 13 and others have this property.

Another kind of irrational numbers repeat apparently random digits endlessly, such as Pi (the ratio of any circle's circumference to its diameter). A Supercomputer has Calculated Pi to 62.8 trillion digits, so it appears to repeat with random digits, and so is never exact. The first 100 digits of pi are 3.1415926535 8979323846 2643383279 5028841971 6939937510 5820974944 5923078164 0628620899 8628034825 3421170679..., and it repeats endlessly with no repetitions of single or groups of digits. These endlessly repeating numbers cannot be said to be exact.

Some other irrational numbers that repeat with random digits are e (Euler's number) and the Golden Ratio. To repeat, they are thus not exact.

8.396305625524769e-4 = .0008396305625524769 = .0839...%

To heck with the train going off the cliff! Show me a photo of a lip climbing rhino!

Verryl