Probably the best place to get that is on the Datacolor and X-Rite websites. Both have various white papers and other training aids that explain the process.

The simple overview for raw workflow is

12-bit or 14-bit (per color channel) Raw Capture —>
Post Processing Application Camera Profile —>
Initial color conversion to a wide gamut color space in a 16-bit per channel intermediate bitmap—>
Conversion to 8-bit or 10-bit monitor profile for viewing —>
Image adjustment in reference to that calibrated, profiled monitor* —>
Image export conversion to 8-bit JPEG in sRGB color space —>
Lab printing conversion from sRGB to printer+paper+process profile (or printer+paper+ink profile) —>
Finished print

*Image adjustment may include many parameters such as blacks, shadows, exposure, highlights, whites, white balance color temperature and hue, contrast, saturation, sharpening, etc. AND it may be done in reference to a "proofing profile" or "simulation profile" which is usually the TARGET printer/paper/ink or printer/paper/process profile.

For JPEG workflow from the camera, just note that all image adjustment happens before exposure, by setting the camera menus and controls.

The finer points would take days to explain... But if you concentrate on the above, and do some reading of your calibration kit provider's web site documents, it will fall into place.