Good day, Gang!
Sorry about the confusing terminology! Don't forget, I am an old guy who spent too many years in an old fashioned darkroom/color lab and what's worse I come from Brooklyn- so I talk funny as well. I think I have inhaled too much chemical fumes too!
So let me translate.
I have been shooting digital for a long time now but I still, in certain cases, refer back to FILM technology in the nomenclature when I teach or write . We have more exacting post production image control nowadays but there are still many similarities in modern day editing and printing than there are differences- it's just easier and more convenient to incorporate finite adjustments in a computer driven digital system than it was in the old analog/silver/chemical/enlarger era. Again, all of this applies to prints AND screen images as well.
I terms of dynamic range or tonal range, wedding photography has always been somewhat of a challenge especially with traditional formal attire. We are oftentimes dealing with WHITE and light pastel bridal and bridesmaids gowns and BLACK or midnight blue suits or tuxedos. For those of us who like to do some dramatic lighting or low key portraits, we want to have detail in both the highlights as well as the darkest shadows. Images with burned out or washed out highlights or inky jet black shadows lack realism and depth. Back in the day, most black and white and color negatives films that were traditionally recommended and used for wedding photography were intended for making traditional reflection prints and therefore had a characteristic curve that easily accommodated a wide range of tones provided they were exposed and processed properly. It's harder to get a full range of tones on and matte or semi-luster paper that it is on a glossy paper or a trans-illuminated screen image.
Many experienced wedding and portrait photographers found that slight overexposure of color negative films yielded prints rich color saturation and pleasing contrasts along with good shadow detail. Exposure wise, the method was to expose for the shadows and PRINT DOWN (giving more all over general exposure for the printing paper) for the highlights. Because theses films had a great deal of LATITUDE we could overexpose a bit to make sure there was plenty of shadow detail and them bring out the highlight detail in printing simply by exposing the printing paper enough to show good highlight detail. The tonal range of the fil allows us to HOLD the shadow detail even when we exposed the paper for the highlights. This exposure for the paper was ALL OVER whereas BURNING IN was/is additional exposure added to local areas of the print. It was routine in custom printing to slight burn in the bridal gown for a bit more detail or areas that needed toning down. The opposite control function was/is DODGING or holding back exposure for darker local areas to further preserve shadow detail.
Whether you make prints or not, all of theses controls are still available to us on most photo editing software systems and plug-ins. Of course, we do not want to purposely overexpose a digital file because, like we used to do with transparency (slide) films, we need to expose for the highlights and make sure we remain withing the dynamic range of our cameras' sensor. The method is, when we are providing the studio or flash lighting, to expose for the highlight and the middle tones and provide enough fill light to bring up the shadows. When we are working with natural light, we find softer light to accommodate the tonal range of our camera systems or provide reflector or flash fill in to preserve the shadows.
Sometimes, however, no matter how careful we are, because we are oftentimes working on the fly, we find there is a deficit in highlight or shadow detail. This can happen when we make prints or there issues(hot spots) show up on a screen or projected image as well. So we can still burn and dodge to accentuate or calm down areas or simply control the brightness and contrasts of our image so in effect we are PRINTING down, either on the entire image or local areas. Back in the film era there were only one or two CONTRAST levels of color printing paper. Sometimes different brands had slightly more or less contrasts- some yielded warmer flesh tomes and some were cooler and more suited to commercial work, Now we can adjust the color and contrast as well as the saturation according to out own tastes- exactly as we want them.
Another though from the olden days. We used to have to expose very carefully and provide even negatives for the lab. If out negatives were "clan", that is well exposed, with ratios well controlled we could buy MACHINE PRINTS from the lab. Theses print were produced on automatic machines, rather than enlargers, where by the general exposed for the paper could be controlled but there was no burning or dodging. High quality prints were quite possible in this method as long as the negative was pretty perfect. On the other hand, sloppy shooting would require custom prints, mostly to correct problems and inconsistencies. Of course, custom prints were more costly to produce. Many high volume studios based there prices on using machine prints- proofs were usually machine made as well.
So...personally, I got in the habit of exposing and lighting carefully. Although I always custom printed my own album prints and wall portraits, I could make my proofs on the machine or buy the from a lab at reasonable prices. Since my negatives were easy to print and did not need too much local correction, final printing was fast and easy- time is money in the darkroom and so it is, nowadays, at the computer desk. In digital production, my workflow is fast and requires very little manipulation. I try to avoid having to do multi-layered complex. corrections. I don't mind doing all kinds of corrective shenanigans for a special effect or a blooper file where I made a mistake (I hate when that happens but it happens!), but not as a routine thing. I just want to do a crop- brightness- contrast- saturation and the odd burn or dodge and go on the the next image. It's crazy to spend more time on the computer than on the entire wedding shoot! Pleas forgive me- I never spent too man hours working over a "hot stove"...for me wit was working over a "hot" enlarger...really messed up my posture. I prefer a nice computer in an air conditioned office. I'm getting one of those newfangled rigs so I can stand up or sit down at my desk!
I hope this helps. Kindest regards, Ed