Mojaveflyer wrote:
I should have said I intend to use it on a Canon 5D MkII...
The widest non-fisheye zoom available for your full frame camera is Canon EF 11-24/4L... which is a truly amazing and well corrected piece of glass that costs about $3000.
Sigma makes a 12-24mm that's full frame capable, a lot less expensive but still not cheap ($950) and has some pretty heavy distortions (largely correctable in post-processing).
Canon EF 14/2.8L II is another superwide with premium image quality... and pricing ($2100).
If you don't mind manual focus - which isn't very difficult with an ultrawide - there also is the Samyang/Rokinon 14/2.8. It's also a manual aperture lens, so will a bit slower to shoot with, though that might not be any problem for night photography. It's not nearly as well corrected or well built as the Canon 14mm, but a whole heck of a lot cheaper: about $300 to $350 usually. This lens also sells under Bower, ProOptic, Vivitar (who call it a 13mm) and other brand names. It's the same lens, regardless. There seems some quality variation copy-to-copy, most especially check any for de-centered element problems that will show up as softness on one side or the other of the image. But "good copies" do seem quite good for the money, according to user reports.
If their tendency to strongly bend straight lines aren't a problem, there also are a number of possible full frame capable fisheye lenses, including the Canon EF 8-15mm f4L zoom (about $1200) and now discontinued EF 15/2.8 (used only). Sigma still offers a 15/2.8, too. And there is a Samyang/Rokinon 12mm F.E. (manual focus and aperture). Actually, if you don't mind manual focus and aperture, there are many vintage fisheye that might be bought used and easily adapted for use on Canon EOS.
All the above use protruding, convex front elements that preclude using standard filters on them. In some cases there are accessory filter holders available (not cheap) or that can be homemade, to accommodate 100mm square and rectangular filters. Some lenses have a few, common types of filters built-in, that can be "dialed" into place.... Some others offer a rear element mount for gel filters.
Canon 16-35/4L IS USM is relatively new and given very high marks for image quality, but only very slightly wider than the lens you already have. The Canon 16-35/2.8L (both original and current II) offers larger aperture, but at some cost to image quality at its biggest apertures, particularly in the corners... as well as larger size and more weight. Still, for night photography, astrophotography, f2.8 is often wanted. The f4 lens uses standard 77mm filters, while the f2.8 II requires more expensive 82mm.
It's not a full frame lens, but the Tokina AT-X Pro 11-16mm f2.8 DX actually can be used on FF at its 16mm setting, is quite sharp and popular for astrophotography. It does have a bit of a tendency to flare in other situations, though. This lens was recently supseded by a new 11-20mm f2.8... which I am not yet very familiar with. Not a lot of difference between 16mm and your current zoom, though.
I used a 17-35/2.8L myself, back when I was shooting film. I found it quite good when stopped down, but tended to have some chromatic aberrations and a bit softer at or near wide open apertures (where astrophotographers are likely to want to shoot). It was fine for landscape shots and other purposes, though I ended up selling and replacing it with a wider crop-only lens eventually (Tokina AT-X Pro 12-24/4, which looks and feels very similar, can be partially used on FF to about 17 or 18mm, but isn't quite as sharp as the Toki 11-16mm and also has a bit of CA in the corners at larger apertures).
The Canon EF-S lenses mentioned in several response cannot even be mounted on a full frame Canon camera. They use a variation of the EF bayonet mount that's designed specifically to prevent that. Even if you could mount them (the 10-22mm's mount is easily modified), they have to be used very carefully. Besides image vignetting that is bound to occur at their wider settings, they also are retro-focus designs that protrude into the camera more or less depending upon the zoom and focus settings, which can physically interfere with and might damage the FF camera's larger mirror mechanism.
Have fun shopping!