You have been offered a huge amount of advice in this thread, so much that it may be no help at all! I have very similar equipment to yours (see
http://www.uglyhedgehog.com/t-202741-1.html#3430214 )
The problem with this thread is that none of us know what your priorities are. Perhaps you could give us more clarity on what your goals and decision making criteria are. For example, do you want to go to Rome to take some great photographs, or do you want to go to Rome to have a great vacation and come back with a few good shots? Either one of those would yield very different answers.
I suggest you ask yourself some questions, beginning with the one above.
If you want to travel light, take a smartphone or a reasonable point and shoot. My old Canon A710 still does a great job. Leave the real stuff at home.
If you are willing to lug your gear around to get good pictures and the pictures are a top objective of your trip then the decision process is different.
Perhaps the most important question is what do you want to do that your current set up doesn't do?
Are there better lenses out there than yours? Sure, but I would only go there if you are not happy with the quality of your results, and that would be very expensive from the equipment perspective.
If you want to have your T3i, but just one walk around lens, then you could consider the Canon EF-S 18-135mm IS zoom. You could probably find a decent used one on ebay for under $300, but it won't do anything that your current lenses don't, just be a bit more convenient.
If you want a lens that does things that your current gear does not do, then I also would go wide, and get the Canon EF-S 10-22 zoom. It's a really good lens and I know it will be useful in Rome from a previous visit many years ago (Canon T90 with an FD 20mm prime to 500mm reflex). With an APS-C camera (T3i) you want to go with EF-S wide lenses because the EF lenses will not give you the same wide angle coverage (16mm EF = 25.6mm EF-S). You could get a decent used EF-S 10-22 zoom on ebay for around $500.
Other considerations are a decent, but compact and light weight tripod. Essential if you want interior shots.
Finally, if you are going to take lots of gear and still be comfortable and versatile walking around - you will walk * A LOT* - then you need a decent camera bag. Don't know what you have, but see this thread for discussion:
http://www.uglyhedgehog.com/t-145700-4.html#3376933So, long response short, once you have what you want to achieve clearly thought through, you should be able to make good decisions from all the good advice that has been offered in this thread.
As an example, you can do the first of the pictures below (T90, 100mm - 300mm zoom) taken at the Colosseum with what you have. You cannot do the second one taken inside San Pietro (T90, 20mm). You need to go wider for that.
Have an excellent trip to Rome!