Shutter speed (1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 ...), aperture (f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6 ...) and ISO (100, 200, 400, 800 ...) are numeric series. Each doubling or halving represents a one stop change. Actually, you need to square the aperture values to see the doubling/halving because they represent a diameter and the amount of light is proportional to the area of the aperture. That's what we see on the VF x/EF scales.
But 1, 2, 3, 4 stop increments are a logarithmic series. Everything in the Log column is separated by equal sized steps, including the Light Value. We see this on the LW/EV scales.
DIN is a logarithmic series with even steps in 1/3 step increments. You can see this as you change the ISO setting.
The "Set" column means that you set these familiar values on your camera or light meter.
Digital meters deal with all of this by converting the "set" values to logarithms. That lets them use simple addition and subtraction to accomplish the task of multiplying and dividing values since one stop is the same whether it's shutter speed, aperture or ISO.
The
APEX system is the Additive System of Photographic Exposure, another logarithmic approach that never really caught on. I probably should have left that column out of the spreadsheets since it never really caught on.
Shutter speed (1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 ...), aperture... (