I moved to Colorado three years ago and there is so much to see here of interest to landacape photographers that I have hardly scratched the surface, as the saying goes. I don't have time to read all the responses you have already received so some of my recommendations may be duplicates.

A couple of general recommendation:

Purchase a Benchmark Maps Road and Recreation Atlas. It has far more detail than a state map and long lists of various places of interest, and excellent coverage of back roads. After 3 years mine is in tatters!

If you are the adventurous type and are renting a car a 4X4 SUV type would be useful. All of that beauty is not along paved roads.

The major landscapes of interest in Colorado are the mountains of course, as we have 58 over 14,000 feet and several beautiful subranges of the Rockies. However there are also many lovely lakes, both high alpine lakes and also reservoirs.

Since you begin by staying in Colorado Springs the Garden of the Gods should probably be first on your list.
I'm sure our National Parks have been mentioned but Rocky Mountain National Park, the Black Canyon of the Gunnison NP, and Great Sand Dunes NP all have great photo ops when conditions are right, and Mesa Verde NP has great historical interest also.

A few of the many drives with natural beauty (so many, so little time, as the saying goes):
Hwy 550 from Ridgeway to Durango, Hwy 160 from Durango to Pagosa Springs, 159 from Creede to Hwy 50, Hwy 50 through the Arkansas River Canyon between Salida and Canon City and west of Gunnison along the Blue Mesa Reservoir, Hwy 12 west of Crested Butte (a short side trip to Lost Lake is well worth the time), Hwy 69 down the east side of the Sangre de Cristo Range (I live in that area), Hwy's 145 and 62 South and North of Telluride, Hwy 306/209 over Cottonwood Pass to Taylor Park (the maps may show the part west of Cottonwood Pass as unpaved but it is now paved in it's entirety). Taylor Park is one of those places with a reservoir in a nice setting with mountains in the background. The Maroon Bells mountains are famous for their beauty and can be seen both from the north near Aspen and from the south near Crested Butte.

I have been to almost all of the above but there are many, many more that I have not seen. For example I have seen a beautiful landscape photo, one of the best I have ever seen, of Wilson Peak surrounded by fall color, done by one of the famous Muench family of landscape photographers, south of Telluride. I hope to expand my experience and knowledge of fall color photography in Colorodo this coming Autumn, including going there. As I said in the beginning of this post, I have hardly scratched the surface of the scenery in this beautiful State. Notice all of those green Aspen groves you will see and imagine them in full fall color - it will make you want to return in the Autumn, guaranteed!

I hope this is of some help. Please let us know after the trip how it went.

The Red Rocks amphitheater is in the middle of a larger Denver city park - Red Rocks Park. On a day without the concert crowd, there's excellent hiking and photography there, trails that start from the main parking lots or from the sides of the road that leads into the amphitheater. But, in August it might be 100F+ and a lack of rain may make everything brown, consider this idea if the weather and your time around Morrison makes sense.

Red Rocks Park - July 2016 by Paul Sager, on Flickr