That's a neat old camera kit! I love finding vintage treasures like that at my local secondhand store.
That camera appears to have an accessory light meter on top of the pentaprism. I doubt it works or, if it does, is very accurate now. But it's really unnecessary anyway, since the camera almost certainly is purely manual exposure.
I'm not sure if this is the case with that particular camera, but....
Many early Exacta do not have an "auto return" mirror mechanism. The viewfinder "blacks out" each time you trip the shutter and the camera needs to be wound to drop the mirror back down so that the viewfinder can again be used. (Some of the earliest "auto" cameras were ones with mirror return mechanisms.... nothing else was automated about them. But this was a big deal at the time.)
As someone stated, the lenses probably use either a stop down or "preset" aperture.
Stop down apertures are only that... The aperture simply closes down as you turn the ring on the lens to select an aperture (or some other control, in some cases). If you are looking thru the viewfinder at the time, you'll see it growing dimmer as you stop the lens down.
"Preset" lenses typically have two aperture control rings, or a control ring with a lever or button. One is used to set the aperture you'll be using, but doesn't actually stop the lens down. It just sets a "stopping point". This leaves the aperture wide opening for composing and focusing. Then, just before you trip the shutter to take the shot, you either turn the second aperture control ring or press a lever or button to cause the aperture to close down to what you preset earlier.
Either way, it's purely manual exposure, so a bit slower to work with than what most folks are accustomed to with today's cameras!
I can't say why the focus ring on one lens seems to effect the aperture.
It's really unusual to see macro lenses from that time period. There simply weren't a lot of them in the late 1950s, early 1960s when those cameras were being sold.
You might be able to find out a lot more about the camera online:
http://camera-wiki.org/wiki/Exaktahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExaktaYou can check here to see if there's a user manual for the camera, light meter or any of the lenses:
https://www.butkus.org/chinon/exakta.htmIhagee/Exacta was an innovative company that sort of did things differently, but made some interesting, very high quality products. Aside from the light meter and flash which probably no longer work or, if they do, work properly.... I wouldn't be surprised if the camera and lenses were perfectly usable. They are generally quite durable and well made. But they are a bit "tricky" to use... so look for info about them.
They aren't hugely valuable cameras or lenses, but that doesn't make them any less interesting!
https://www.pacificrimcamera.com/catalog/hubs/th_exakta.htm