dougbev3 wrote:
… Are they for only certain lens, cameras? ...it would be nice to reach out further with a lens, produce a nicer photo, but is it only with certain lenses?...Are they really worth it, do they really improve a shot?...
Teleconverters work best with certain lenses. In fact, they can't be used at all with some lenses. Particularly with Nikon gear, you have to look into lens/teleconverter compatibility before spending any money on one.
How well a teleconverter works depends a great deal on the qualities of the lens it's used upon...
First, there are different "power" of teleconverters: 1.4X, 1.7X and 2X are the most common. This refers to how they change they effect focal length when combined with a lens. With a 200mm lens, for example, a 1.4X will make for an effective 280mm combo, a 1.7X added to the same lens will make an effective 340mm combo, and a 2X will make an effective 400mm.
But there is a "cost". There is light "lost" to the teleconverter. When a 1.4X is added to a lens, it loses one stop. A 1.7X causes 1.5 stops loss. And a 2X "costs" two full stops. So a lens that's f/4 will "become" an f/5.6 when a 1.4X is added, effective f/6.7 with a 1.7X or f/8 with a 2X. This can cause a camera's autofocus to hunt or fail. It also can dim down the viewfinder, potentially making manual focusing more difficult. Many manufacturers rate their AF systems as "f/5.6 limited" or "f/8 capable" or similar. This pertains to what lens/teleconverter combos are usable on the camera that will still allow autofocus to work. It also may be limited to a specific autofocus point or group of points. (A camera model I use has 65 AF points... the center point is "f/8 capable", so I can use a 2X on an f/4 lens or a 1.4X on an f/5.6 lens... either of those combos make for an effective f/8).
There is also some loss of image quality whenever a teleconverter is added to a lens. How much varies greatly depending upon the quality of the lens and the quality of the teleconverter, plus how well the two "play together".
The stronger the teleconverter, the greater the loss of image quality. Actually, a teleconverter is a complex magnifying lens.... and it will magnify any shortcomings of the lens it's used upon. If a lens has extremely high image quality on its own to start with, then it will tolerate being used with a teleconverter more than a lens with lower image quality would.
In very broad terms, a 1.4X might cause approx. 5% loss of image quality... a 1.7X 10% or 15%... and a 2X may cost 15% to 25%. But, these are just estimates and generations. There's huge variation among all the different lens/teleconverter combinations.
In general, teleconverters work best with prime lenses (i.e., not zooms)... 200mm, 300mm, 400mm, etc. When used on zooms, they generally work best with those that have the least extreme range of focal lengths... 3X (such as 70-200mm) and 4X (such as 100-400mm) usually work pretty well with teleconverters. More extreme zooms such as 28-300mm (10X) or greater usually work more poorly with teleconverters.
There also can be physical limitations. Some teleconverters have a protruding front element that fits inside the rear barrel of the lens. As a result, the lens' barrel needs to be large enough diameter to accommodate that... plus the lens can't be a design that would cause the rear elements of the lens to come in contact with the teleconverter, possibly damaging them both.
Usually a telephoto lens is used with teleconverter combo. It usually doesn't make much sense to use shorter focal lengths with a TC.
Personally I have both 1.4X and 2X teleconverters. Both very high quality OEM.
Overall I use the 1.4X a lot more often... on 300mm, 500mm and 100-400mm lenses. I occasionally use it on a 135mm lens, too. I've tried it on a couple 70-200mm and don't care for the image quality... Other combos may work better than mine, but I also have little use for this combo, since I have several other lenses that cover the same focal length without need for
I use the 2X mostly on 300mm f/2.8 and a lot less frequently on 500mm f/4 lens.