The "Speedboost" adapters have optics that may or may not work well with the lenses you choose to adapt.
The Canon EF/EF-S to EF-M adapter has not optics to hinder image quality, but passes through all the electronics so that lens' AF, IS and aperture control all work as usual.
The Canon EF/EF-S to EF-M adapter is fairly expensive at $159.
There are far less expensive third party adapters that do essentially the same thing, adapting EF and EF-S lenses for use on the M-series cameras. These are not Speedboost... they are "plain" adapters from Vello, Fotodiox and Viltrox (there are probably some other brands, too).
https://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/compare/Vello_Auto_Lens_Adapter_for_Canon_EF_EF-S_Lens_to_Canon_EOS_M_Camera_System_vs_Viltrox_EF-EOS_M_Lens_Mount_Adapter_for_Canon_EF_or_EF-S-Mount_Lens_to_Canon_EF-M_Mount_Camera_vs_FotodioX_Canon_EF___EF-S_Mount_Lens_to_Canon_EF-M_Mount_Camera_Pro_Adapter_vs_Canon_EF-M_Lens_Adapter_Kit_for_Canon_EF___EF-S_Lenses/BHitems/983576-REG_1456822-REG_995005-REG_883406-REGAll those would work with your EF-S 17-55mm. There is probably some difference in build quality between the Canon and the third party adapters (usually is), but I can't say from personal experience.
Regarding macro lenses... You mention using it to photograph mineral and rock collection. The Canon 100mm macro lenses are excellent (there are two). However, these may not be the best choice for tabletop studio work, if that's what you intend. I use a shorter lens for close-up work when I'm dong that sort of shooting. The reason is that this requires less working space. I can reach out and arrange the subject on the tabletop while looking through the camera's viewfinder. The 100mm puts you a lot farther from the subject, requiring more working space and putting the subject out of reach unless you are using it at or very close to max magnification.
I use a Canon TS-E 45mm when I'm doing close-ups of small items on a tabletop with an APS-C camera like yours. That's not a macro lens, though it can be made closer focusing with extension tubes. However, my subjects are usually 1:2 or 1:3 (half life size or one third life size) at most. The TS-E or "Tilt Shift" lenses are manual focus only, but the movements can be helpful for some types of close-up work.
The Canon EF-M 28mm Macro for use on the M-series cameras might be too short focal length. At high magnification there would be almost no working distance between the front of the lens and the subject. On the other hand, a neat feature is that it has a built-in LED ring light.
Canon EF-S 35mm Macro would give a bit more working space... maybe enough, without it being too much. It also has a built in LED ring light.
For a little more working distance, Canon EF-S 60mm Macro also might be good choice... Tamron also makes a nice 60mm macro, unusual with an f/2 aperture (a stop faster than most). Yongnuo has recently introduced a 60mm f/2 Macro, manual focus only.
There also are some 50mm macro... Canon made a "Compact Macro" EF 50mm f/2.5 in the past (1:2, adapter or extension can be used to increase to 1:1). That lens is no longer being made, but is still widely available used and is quite affordable. Rather than the matched 1:1 adapter that was available for it, I'd just use standard macro extension tubes if higher than 1:2 magnification was needed. (I use the Kenko tube set, as well as several Canon tubes. Mine are all EF, so would need an adapter to use on M-series. There are macro extensions especially for M-series, though I think they have fewer sizes.)
Sigma also made a 50mm Macro in the past, might find it used.
The Canon TS-E 50mm f/2.8L Macro (1:2) and Zeiss 50mm Macro (1:1) are superb... but very expensive and both are manual focus only.
All the above 35mm, 60mm and 50mm macro lenses would require an EF/EF-S to EF-M adapter.
Venus Laowa makes a 65mm Macro that goes as high as 2:1 (twice life size) and is available in EF-M mount, no adapter needed. I am pretty certain it's manual focus only.
There's also a 7artisan 60mm Macro (1:1, manual focus) made to fit EF-M and quite affordable.
If you search for macro lenses for Canon you'll find some of the new RF lenses... Those *cannot* be fitted to or adapted for use on an EF-M camera.