I may be able to help you out and perhas simplify things. For starters, however, tell me what kind of work your are mostly interested in doing, what you have done up to now and most importantly- post about 6 photographs in those areas of interest. You should also list a few things that you are having difficulty with- if any.
Since the advent of digital photography, it seems to me, that folks are getting so "technical" that the don't see the forest for the trees" kind of thing. If you remember from back in the day with your film experience, folks loaded up a roll of film and followed the instructions that were packed in the box. People exposed Kodachrome, which was a slow film with little or no latitude but the came up with awesome slides. It's surprising how the old f/16 rule worked along with a few compensations for different weather and lighting conditions. Many used the simple match-needle meter in the camera. Some of theses basics plus bracketing and experimentation and lots of practice, yields many instinctive exposure calculations that you will learn to do from your experience.
The idea is to nail down your basic exposure techniques so that you can concentrate on composition, imagination and creativity.
Try some easy starting methods. Shoot something out of doors- set you ISO at 200. If you are trying to stop action or movement select shutter priority and start of with fast enough speed to address the movement. If depth of field control figures in to your plan, go with aperture priority. Examine your results and asses the exposure- too dark or too light?- make the adjustment.? Oftentimes the "imperfect" exposure will yield the more dramatic and effective image.
I hope this helps- looking forward to you images.
Approach you photography with this simple adage: "You cant' have your cake and eat it too" so there are always compromises. You have to balance things. High ISO settings allow you to shoot in low light and still have some depth of field and perhas fast enough shutter speeds BUT you may encounter some noise (grain) if you go too high. The exposure triangle addresses EXPOSURE but you have to make the other decisions as to depth of field, selective focus, motion stopping ability, compensating for camera shake or wind resistance (cold weather issues). There are lots of books and tutorials, online lessons and classes, however, there are no magic formulas.
It's OK to use the camera on automatic or programmed settings as long as you know what the camera is doing and how to circumvent or bypass the system when you need to.
One good self teaching method is "keeping notes". When you are practicing, write down the exposures and othere details and reference you notes when you are assessing the results so you know exactly what corrections, if any, to make. Of course you can use the data from the camera but writing things down and recording you corrections and progress is a much more effective learning method.
Of course- there are many sophisticated and complex techniques that go beyond the basics but it is best to master the fundamentals and become very familiar with the operation of you basic gear before progressing to the next plateau.
Greeting from Canada- I'm used to ice, snow and cold weather! Ed