gretchenk wrote:
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What kind of photos do I take or do I want to learn to take? Almost everything. I love to hike in national parks and take pictures of mountains, wildlife, waterfalls, flowers, birds. My grandchildren are involved in sports, so I'll have to learn sports photography. I haven't done much portraits, but I have 2 beautiful grandchildren to take pictures of.....
I would recommend a crop sensor DSLR.... or possibly a crop sensor mirrorless (MILC). Not full frame in either type.
Hiking you likely will not want to haul around a bigger full frame camera. Also, a crop sensor camera will make the telephotos you use for sports photography "act" more powerfully (another way of looking at it... you won't need to buy as big, powerful and EXPENSIVE telephoto, when you use the lens on a crop camera instead of full frame). In addition, recent model crop sensor cameras are more than good enough for most peoples' purposes. Unless you make really BIG prints from your images (16x24" and larger), you're unlikely to see much difference between a crop/DX and a full frame/FX camera.
Since you are already familiar with Nikon... a D7500 might be a good choice. Note that the less expensive D7200 has higher resolution (24Mp versus 21MP), as well as slightly wider dynamic range. It also has dual memory card slots, while the D7500 only has one. OTOH, the D7500's rear LCD is "tiltable" and a touch screen (the D7200's is not either). The D7500 might be a little better for sports/action (faster frame rate and some relatively minor AF system tweaks, as well as slightly higher settable ISO that can make for faster shutter speeds indoors).... but the D7200 is no slouch, is very capable and may be a wee bit better for everything else.
A D5600 also might be worth consideration. It's similar to what you've been using.... Has the same 24MP sensor as the D7200 and almost as fast frame rate, and only a slightly lower specification AF system for those sports shots. The two D7000-series cameras have 51-point AF with 15 higher performance cross type... the D5600 has 39-point AF with 9 cross type... both are serious upgrades from the 11-point, 1 cross type at the center in the D3200 you've been using.
The D5600 is about $400 less expensive than the D7200, $550 less than the D7500. That can go a long way toward better or additional lenses, which actually can make a lot more difference in your images, than the camera you choose to use them upon! The D5600 also has a fully articulated, touch screen LCD (again, D7200's is neither and D7500s is tilt-only, touch screen... but it's also lower resolution than the other two).
The D3000/D5000-series Nikon are only able to autofocus AF-S and (recent models) AF-P lenses. The recent model D7000-series can autofocus those, as well as older design AF and other lenses that the D3000/5000 can't. The reason is the D7000-seies cameras have an AF motor built into the camera body... the D3000/5000 don't.
The D7000-series higher cameras also have a true pentaprism, which makes for a bigger, brighter viewfinder. The D3000/5000 models use a "penta-mirror" to save weight and cost.
D7000-series also use a higher specification shutter.... 1/8000 top speed and 1/250 flash sync. D3000/5000 have a top speed of 1/4000 and a 1/200 flash sync.
IMO those are the most important differences, but there are some others:
https://cameradecision.com/compare/Nikon-D3200-vs-Nikon-D5600https://cameradecision.com/compare/Nikon-D5600-vs-Nikon-D7200https://cameradecision.com/compare/Nikon-D7200-vs-Nikon-D7500D5600 body only, $600.
D7200 body only, $1000.
D7500 body only, $1150.
Many people just compare the cameras and accept whatever lenses come with them. While kit lenses can be a good deal, they aren't necessarily the best choice. As I mentioned above, the lenses you use on the camera will probably make a bigger difference in your images, than the camera you use them with. D3200, D5600, D7200, D7500 are all very capable and probably more similar than they are different.
I'm pretty sure all three of those cameras are available in kit with a fairly basic AF-P 18-55mm DX VR lens. Also available in kit, AF-S 18-140mm DX VR would be a more versatile upgrade option. Even more of an upgrade would be AF-S 16-80mm DX VR.
There are also two-lens kits, but I'd recommend avoiding those. They come with the AF-P 18-55mm DX VR, which is okay. But the other lens usually bundled is the AF-P 70-300mm DX
non-VR. The latter
is not VR or "image stabilized", which is a lot more important and helpful on a telephoto than it is on the shorter focal lengths! Nikon makes a bit more expensive version of the AF-P 70-300 DX that has VR, which is what they should be including in the kits, instead. The non-VR is simply the cheapest tele-zoom Nikon makes, often avail. for under $200.
You'll want a telephoto for sports and wildlife in particular. At a minimum I'd recommend the AF-P 70-300mm DX VR version, which lists for around $350 though you might find it a bit cheaper.
Not quite as long focal length, but more compact (better for hiking?) is the AF-S Nikkor 55-200mm f/4-5.6G ED DX VR II, which also sells for about $350.
Even better, with higher image quality and all around performance, as well as better build quality, is the AF-P Nikkor 70-300mm f/4.5-5.6E ED VR , which is a bit more expensive at about $600. This is bit larger and an "FX" or full frame capable lens, but will work fine on a DX camera such the above.
If you wanted even more powerful telephoto, I'd suggest looking at the Sigma and Tamron 100-400mm lenses, each of which sell for around $700. These are bigger lenses, though. So check them out in a store before you buy, to be sure you're willing to hike with them! Between those two, I might favor the Tamron because it can optionally be fitted with a tripod mounting ring (sold separately for about $125). The Sigma cannot. The most similar Nikkor lenses are the much more expensive 80-400mm VR (over $2000) and the bigger 200-500mm VR ($1400).
For landscape and waterfalls, you might want a wide angle lens. At about $300, the AF-P Nikkor 10-20mm f/4.5-5.6G DX VR is pretty tough to beat! It's not only one of the least expensive, it's also one of the lightest and most compact. Plus it has VR (though that's not as important on this type lens... still it's nice to have). Nikon makes two other "ultrawide" DX lenses.... an AF-S 10-24mm and an AF_S 12-24mm... but they're ridiculously expensive (around $800 and $1150, respectively). There are some pretty decent Tokina, Sigma and Tamron ultrawides too, if preferred. But they tend to be priced around $500 and up.
You mention flowers which suggest close-ups and macro. While a true macro lens can be convenient, it may not be necessary. Look into the close focusing and maximum magnification capabilities of other lenses you consider... and possibly get a set of easy-to-use macro extension tubes to make any of them able to give even higher magnification. I recommend the Kenko set of three tubes (about $120). Those are high quality, full support both autofocus & aperture control, are compact and relatively lightweight, give seven different possible amounts of extension (for more or less increase in magnification) and can be used virtually any lens.
If you'd like to try your hand at portraiture, a low cost way to get started is with a lens like the AF-S 50mm f/1.8G , which sells for under $220. It's reasonably small and light... and can double as a low light lens for indoor shooting. It's over a full stop faster than most zooms... two or more stops faster than some of the ones recommended above. On a DX format camera such as I recommended above, this 50mm lens "acts like" a short telephoto, which is ideal for portraiture. And AF-S 85mm f/1.8G is a slightly longer alternative that puts you farther away for possibly more candid shooting... but is a bit bigger, more expensive and requires more working distance (may be difficult to use indoors).
Another lens I
don't recommend is an AF-S 18-300mm DX VR... Folks buy these thinking one lens can do it all. But they have to compromise and carry around a camera fitted with a fairly large lens all the time. IMO, it's much better to buy two or several less extreme lenses, such as the ones mentioned above. After all, one of the main reasons to buy a DSLR is to be able to interchange lenses, to be able to adapt the camera for use in different situations.
If you preferred, you could put together a similar DSLR kit with other brands. Or you could put together similar kit around a crop sensor
mirrorless camera that might be a bit more compact, lighter weight, and nice for hiking. There's no Nikon mirrorless of this type (they just announced a new full frame mirrorless, but those cameras and their few avail. lenses remain fairly large... and pricey). You'd need to look at APS-C mirrorless offered by Canon, Sony or Fujifilm... or Olympus/Panasonic, which use slightly smaller micro 4/3 format sensors. Compared to Nikon and Canon DSLR systems, these mirrorless systems have a lot fewer native lenses to choose among. They often are able to use adapted DSLR lenses, but there goes any size/weight savings out the window when you do that. Also, you'll typically get a lot more bang for your buck with DSLRs and their lenses. Mirrorless are a bit of a fad right now, and that popularity has kept prices relatively high. There are some differences in functionality too.... most sports/wildlife photographers still prefer DSLRs... though recent mirrorless have improved a lot.
Keep in mind that you'll need memory cards, possibly an extra battery or two, and may want image organizing/editing software for your computer (look for "bundles" that include extras like these... but ONLY from reputable stores... there are a lot of shysters out there!)
Have fun shopping!