What, pray tell, is through the lens flash control?
The camera "sees through the lens" and controls the flash to make the right amount of light.
The camera will instruct the flash to emit a few pre-flashes. The camera's light meter will evaluate the intensity of the reflected light and calculate a final flash output level. Those pre-flashes happen so quickly that they're practically part of the main flash burst.
When using TTL indoors, put your camera in Manual mode, ISO 400, F4.5, and shutter at 1/200. The high shutter speed reduces the effect of ambient light and the TTL flash controls exposure on the subject. You can increase the ISO for a bit more flash reach and change the F stop for DoF control and the flash will adjust accordingly. If you can select High Speed Shutter in your camera, you can select a very high shutter speed outdoors to darken bright backgrounds but this reduces your flash's reach.
When using TTL indoors, put your camera in Manual mode, ISO 400, F4.5, and shutter at 1/200. The high shutter speed reduces the effect of ambient light and the TTL flash controls exposure on the subject. You can increase the ISO for a bit more flash reach and change the F stop for DoF control and the flash will adjust accordingly. If you can select High Speed Shutter in your camera, you can select a very high shutter speed outdoors to darken bright backgrounds but this reduces your flash's reach.
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