B+W makes different qualities of filters, same as some other manufacturers. Their XS-Pro are the highest with top quality Schott glass that's 16-layer "Nano MRC" multicoated, mounted in "slim" brass frames. F-Pro are one step down and a little less expensive, quite similar and still very good... the main difference being that they are 8-layer "MRC" multicoated and use a "standard" brass frame (rather than slim). "Slim" filters can be a little more difficult to install and remove, particularly in larger diameter sizes, but may be necessary on some of the widest lenses to avoid vignetting. Even B+W's "standard" frames are pretty low profile though (I've used them on various ultrawides over the years and never had any problem with vignetting.)
They also make even cheaper "SC" and uncoated versions... But I would recommend either the multi-coated XS-Pro or F-Pro for "general purpose" used.
B+W calls their UV filters "010".
Digital imaging doesn't actually need UV filtration. Film tended to be overly sensitive to UV light, so it was often necessary to use a filter with it. But digital has built in UV filtration.
As to whether you need a filter for "protection", well there are two schools of thought. Lenses are a whole lot tougher than people think. And a thin piece of glass really doesn't provide much physical protection.
That said, I have UV filters... many of them B+W... to fit all my lenses (at least, for the lenses that can be fitted with filters). They're stored separately in my camera bag until actually needed. I DO NOT leave a "protection" filter on my lens all the time. I use the lens CAP and lens HOOD for protection, in most situations. But occasionally I find myself shooting in situations where the filter's protection might actually serve a purpose (such as a sandstorm, etc.) and will install them then. As a result, UV filters were my lowest priority to purchase and least used filters (OFF my lenses 9.9% of the time!). After all, I'm not all that excited about going out and shooting in standstorms!
For most photographers using digital, a quality Circular Polarizer (such as B+W's XS-Pro, F-Pro, or MRC... which tend to be the least expensive of the highest quality C-Pol) is FAR MORE USEFUL type of filter and much better use of their money. A C-Pol can do things for images that are difficult or impossible to replicated with software. I use C-Pol far, far more often than I use UV filters. (But C-Pol ALSO cannot and should not be left on lenses all the time.)
Another more useful, but quite a bit more specialized type of filter is a Neutral Density... Still photography usually only needs one or two relatively strong ones (say a 3-stop and a 6-stop, which can be combined for 9 stops). ND can also do things for images that cannot be produced in software. They make possible special effects with slow shutter speeds and/or larger apertures in images... to capture motion blur effect or render extra shallow depth of field in images. I only have them in limited sizes (for one or two specific lenses) and use ND filters very rarely, but still more often than I do UV filters. (I am NOT talking about Graduated ND filters.... I stopped using those some years ago, since now shooting everything digital there are much better ways with software and post-processing techniques to accomplish the same purpose they served.)
If your primary reason for purchasing a filter is "protection", you will get a lot of opinions both ways... Some folks will tell you "a filter saved their lens", though they cannot actually prove it (I can show you bent, dented, scarred and broken lens CAPS and HOODS though... I've also seen lenses that appeared to have been damaged by broken filters). It would take some serious, organized testing to say if a filter really helped, such as abusing 10,000 lenses 100 different ways, half with filters installed, half without, then looking at how the results work out, on average. Anything less is just anecdotal, not scientific.. but no one is going to destroy 10,000 lenses just to prove a point! But someone has, in fact, done a bit of "real world" testing of the protective qualities of filters and you can see for yourself, then decide if a UV filter is good use of your money....
Watch this video and cringe at the destruction (hint: in at least one case, a sheet of PAPER held up better than the filter!):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0CLPTd6Bds