There is no single link that I am aware of, however, the information is available if one is motivated enough to seek it.

Of the list below, not all those listed have PhD's.....Many do.....

Science and Technology

Zhores Alferov (1930–): Belarusian, Soviet and Russian physicist and academic who contributed significantly to the creation of modern heterostructure physics and electronics. He is an inventor of the heterot***sistor and the winner of 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics.[1][2]
Jim Al-Khalili (1962–): Iraqi-born British theoretical physicist, author and science communicator. He is professor of Theoretical Physics and Chair in the Public Engagement in Science at the University of Surrey[3]
Philip W. Anderson (1923–): American physicist. He was one of the recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1977. Anderson has made contributions to the theories of localization, antiferromagnetism and high-temperature superconductivity.[4]
Jacob Appelbaum (1983-): American computer security researcher and hacker. He is a core member of the Tor project.[5]
François Arago (1786–1853): French mathematician, physicist, astronomer and politician.[6]
Peter Atkins (1940–): English chemist, Professor of chemistry at Lincoln College, Oxford in England.[7]
Abhay Ashtekar (1949–): Indian theoretical physicist. As the creator of Ashtekar variables, he is one of the founders of loop quantum gravity and its subfield loop quantum cosmology.[8]
Julius Axelrod (1912–2004): American Nobel Prize–winning biochemist, noted for his work on the release and reuptake of catecholamine neurot***smitters and major contributions to the understanding of the pineal gland and how it is regulated during the sleep-wake cycle.[9]
Sir Edward Battersby Bailey FRS (1881–1965): British geologist, director of the British Geological Survey.[10]
Sir Patrick Bateson FRS (1938–): English biologist and science writer, Emeritus Professor of ethology at Cambridge University and president of the Zoological Society of London.[11]
William Bateson (1861–1926): British geneticist, a Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, where he eventually became Master. He was the first person to use the term genetics to describe the study of heredity and biological inheritance, and the chief populariser of the ideas of Gregor Mendel following their rediscovery.[12]
John Stewart Bell (1928–1990): Irish physicist. Best known for his discovery of Bell's theorem.[13]
Charles H. Bennett (1943–): American physicist, information theorist and IBM Fellow at IBM Research. He is best known for his work in quantum cryptography, quantum teleportation and is one of the founding fathers of modern quantum information theory.[14]
John Desmond Bernal (1901–1971): British biophysicist. Best known for pioneering X-ray crystallography in molecular biology.[15]
Paul Bert (1833–1886): French zoologist, physiologist and politician. Known for his research on oxygen toxicity.[16]
Marcellin Berthelot (1827–1907): French chemist and politician noted for the Thomsen-Berthelot principle of thermochemistry. He synthesized many organic compounds from inorganic substances and disproved the theory of vitalism.[17][18]
Claude Louis Berthollet (1748–1822): French chemist.[19]
Hans Bethe (1906–2005): German-American nuclear physicist, and Nobel laureate in physics for his work on the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis.[20] A versatile theoretical physicist, Bethe also made important contributions to quantum electrodynamics, nuclear physics, solid-state physics and astrophysics. During World War II, he was head of the Theoretical Division at the secret Los Alamos laboratory which developed the first atomic bombs. There he played a key role in calculating the critical mass of the weapons, and did theoretical work on the implosion method used in both the Trinity test and the "Fat Man" weapon dropped on Nagasaki, Japan.[21]
Norman Bethune (1890–1939): Canadian physician and medical innovator.[22]
Patrick Blackett OM, CH, FRS (1897–1974): Nobel Prize–winning English experimental physicist known for his work on cloud chambers, cosmic rays, and paleomagnetism.[23]
Susan Blackmore (1951–): English psychologist and memeticist, best known for her book The Meme Machine.[24]
Christian Bohr (1855–1911): Danish physician, He is the father of the physicist and Nobel laureate Niels Bohr, as well as the mathematician Harald Bohr and grandfather of another physicist and Nobel laureate Aage Bohr.[25]
Niels Bohr (1885-1962): Danish physicist. Best known for his foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]
Sir Hermann Bondi KCB, FRS (1919–2005): Anglo-Austrian mathematician and cosmologist, best known for co-developing the steady-state theory of the universe and important contributions to the theory of general relativity.[34][35]
Paul D. Boyer (1918–): American biochemist and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry in 1997.[36]
Calvin Bridges (1889–1938): American geneticist, known especially for his work on fruit fly genetics.[37]
Percy Williams Bridgman (1882–1961): American physicist who won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the physics of high pressures.[38][39][40]
Paul Broca (1824–1880): French physician, surgeon, anatomist, and anthropologist. Broca's work also contributed to the development of physical anthropology, advancing the science of anthropometry.[41]
Rodney Brooks (1954-): Australian-American computer scientist and roboticist.[42]
Sheldon Brown (1944–2008): Bicycle mechanic and technical authority on almost every aspect of bicycles.[43]
Ruth Mack Brunswick (1897–1946): American psychologist, a close confidant of and collaborator with Sigmund Freud.[44]
Robert Cailliau (1947–): Belgian informatics engineer and computer scientist who, together with Sir Tim Berners-Lee, developed the World Wide Web.[45]
John D. Carmack (1970–): American game programmer and the co-founder of id Software. Carmack was the lead programmer of the id computer games Commander Keen, Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, Quake, Rage and their sequels.[46]
Sean M. Carroll (1966–): American cosmologist specializing in dark energy and general relativity.
James Chadwick (1891–1974): English physicist. He won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron.[47]
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910–1995): Indian American astrophysicist known for his theoretical work on the structure and evolution of stars. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983.[48]
Georges Charpak (1924–2010): French physicist from a Polish Jewish family who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992.[49]
William Kingdon Clifford FRS (1845–1879): English mathematician and philosopher, co-introducer of geometric algebra, the first to suggest that gravitation might be a manifestation of an underlying geometry, and coiner of the expression "mind-stuff".[50]
Frank Close OBE (1945–): British particle physicist, Professor of Physics at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, known for his lectures and writings making science intelligible to a wider audience, for which he was awarded the Institute of Physics's Kelvin Medal and Prize.[51]
Samuel T. Cohen (1921-2010): American physicist who invented the W70 warhead and is generally credited as the father of the neutron bomb.[52]
John Horton Conway (1937–): British mathematician active in the theory of finite groups, knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory. He is best known for the invention of the cellular automaton called Conway's Game of Life.[53]
Brian Cox OBE (1968–): English particle physicist, Royal Society University Research Fellow, Professor at the University of Manchester. Best known as a presenter of a number of science programmes for the BBC. He also had some fame in the 1990s as the keyboard player for the pop band D:Ream.[54][55]
Jerry Coyne (1949–): American professor of biology, known for his books on evolution and commentary on the intelligent design debate.[56]
Francis Crick (1916–2004): English molecular biologist, physicist, and neuroscientist; noted for being one of the co-discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962.[57][58][59][60][61][62][63]
George Washington Crile (1864–1943): American surgeon. Crile is now formally recognized as the first surgeon to have succeeded in a direct blood t***sfusion.[64]
James F. Crow (1916–2012): American geneticist.[65]
Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783): French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist. He was also co-editor with Denis Diderot of the Encyclopédie.[66][67]
Sir Howard Dalton FRS (1944–2008): British microbiologist, Chief Scientific Advisor to the UK's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs from March 2002 to September 2007.[68]
Richard Dawkins (1941–): British zoologist, biologist, creator of the concept of the meme; outspoken atheist and popularizer of science, author of The God Delusion and founder of the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science.[69]
Jean Baptiste Delambre (1749–1822): French mathematician and astronomer.[70]
Arnaud Denjoy (1884–1974): French mathematician, noted for his contributions to harmonic analysis and differential equations.[71]
David Deutsch (1953–): Israeli-British physicist at the University of Oxford. He pioneered the field of quantum computation by being the first person to formulate a description for a quantum Turing machine, as well as specifying an algorithm designed to run on a quantum computer.[72]
Jared Diamond (1937–): American scientist and author whose work draws from a variety of fields. He is best known for his award-winning popular science books The Third Chimpanzee, Guns, Germs, and Steel, and Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed.[citation needed]
Paul Dirac (1902–1984): British theoretical physicist, one of the founders of quantum mechanics, predicted the existence of antimatter, and won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933.[73][74][75][76][77][78]
Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818–1896): German physician and physiologist, the discoverer of nerve action potential, and the father of experimental electrophysiology.[79]
Paul Ehrenfest (1880–1933): Austrian and Dutch theoretical physicist, who made major contributions to the field of statistical mechanics and its relations with quantum mechanics, including the theory of phase t***sition and the Ehrenfest theorem.[80][81]
Thomas Eisner (1929–2011): German-American entomologist and ecologist, known as the "father of chemical ecology".[82]
Albert Ellis (1913–2007): American psychologist who in 1955 developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy.[83]
Paul Erdős (1913–1996), Hungarian mathematician. He published more papers than any other mathematician in history, working with hundreds of collaborators. He worked on problems in combinatorics, graph theory, number theory, classical analysis, approximation theory, set theory, and probability theory.[84][85]
Richard R. Ernst (1933–): Swiss physical chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1991.[86]
Hugh Everett III (1930–1982): American physicist who first proposed the many-worlds interpretation (MWI) of quantum physics, which he termed his "relative state" formulation.[87]
Hans Eysenck (1916-1997): German psychologist and author who is best remembered for his work on intelligence and personality, though he worked in a wide range of areas. He was the founding editor of the journal Personality and Individual Differences, and authored about 80 books and more than 1600 journal articles. [88]
Sandra Faber (1944–): American University Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of California, Santa Cruz, also working at the Lick Observatory, who headed the team that discovered 'The Great Attractor.[89]
Gustav Fechner (1801–1887): German experimental psychologist. An early pioneer in experimental psychology and founder of psychophysics.[90]
Leon Festinger (1919–1989): American social psychologist famous for his Theory of Cognitive Dissonance.[91]
Richard Feynman (1918–1988): American theoretical physicist, best known for his work in renormalizing Quantum electrodynamics (QED) and his path integral formulation of quantum mechanics . He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965.[92][93][94]
James Franck (1882–1964): German physicist. Won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1925.[95]
Sigmund Freud (1856–1939): Austrian neurologist and known as Father of psychoanalysis.[96]
Erich Fromm (1900–1980): German social psychologist, psychoanalyst, sociologist, humanistic philosopher, and democratic socialist. He was associated with what became known as the Frankfurt School of critical theory.[97]
Christer Fuglesang (1957–): Swedish astronaut and physicist.[98]
George Gamow (1904–1968): Russian-born theoretical physicist and cosmologist. An early advocate and developer of Lemaître's Big Bang theory.[99][100][101][102]
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1772–1850): French chemist and physicist. He is known mostly for two laws related to gases.[103]
Vitaly Ginzburg (1916–2009): Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist, astrophysicist, Nobel laureate, a member of the Soviet and Russian Academies of Sciences and one of the fathers of Soviet hydrogen bomb.[104]
Susan Greenfield, Baroness Greenfield, CBE (1950–): British scientist, writer, broadcaster, and member of the House of Lords, specialising in the physiology of the brain.[105]
Herb Grosch (1918–2010): Canadian-American computer scientist, perhaps best known for Grosch's law, which he formulated in 1950.[106]
Alan Guth (1947–): American theoretical physicist and cosmologist.[107]
Jacques Hadamard (1865–1963): French mathematician who made major contributions in number theory, complex function theory, differential geometry and partial differential equations.[108]
Jonathan Haidt (c.1964–): Associate professor of psychology at the University of Virginia, focusing on the psychological bases of morality across different cultures, and author of The Happiness Hypothesis.[109]
J. B. S. Haldane (1892-1964): British polymath well known for his works in physiology, genetics and evolutionary biology. He was also a mathematician making innovative contributions to statistics and biometry education in India. Haldane was also the first to construct human gene maps for haemophilia and colour blindness on the X c********e and he was one of the first people to conceive abiogenesis. [110]
E. T. 'Teddy' Hall (1924–2001): English archaeological scientist, famous for exposing the Piltdown Man fraud and claiming that the Shroud of Turin is a medieval f**e.[111]
Sir James Hall (1761–1832): Scottish geologist and chemist, President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and leading figure in the Scottish Enlightenment.[112]
Edmond Halley (1656-1742): English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist and physicist. Best known for computing the orbit of the eponymous Halley's Comet.[113]
Beverly Halstead (1933–1991): British paleontologist and populariser of science.[114]
Frances Hamerstrom (1908–1998): American author, naturalist and ornithologist known for her work with the greater prairie chicken in Wisconsin, and for her research on birds of prey.[115]
W. D. Hamilton (1936–2000): British evolutionary biologist, widely recognised as one of the greatest evolutionary theorists of the 20th century.
G. H. Hardy (1877–1947): a prominent English mathematician, known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis.[116][117]
Herbert A. Hauptman (1917–2011): American mathematician. Along with Jerome Karle, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1985.[118]
Stephen Hawking (1942–): British theoretical physicist, cosmologist, author and Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the University of Cambridge.[119]
Ewald Hering (1834–1918): German physiologist who did much research into color vision, binocular perception and eye movements. He proposed opponent color theory in 1892.[120][121]
Peter Higgs (1929–): British theoretical physicist, recipient of the Dirac Medal and Prize, known for his prediction of the existence of a new particle, the Higgs boson, nicknamed the "God particle".[122]
Roald Hoffmann (1937–): American theoretical chemist who won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[123]
Lancelot Hogben (1895–1975): English experimental zoologist and medical statistician, now best known for his popularising books on science, mathematics and language.[124]
Fred Hollows (1929 – 1993), New Zealand and Australian ophthalmologist. He became known for his work in restoring eyesight for countless thousands of people in Australia and many other countries.[125]
Fred Hoyle (1915–2001): English astronomer noted primarily for his contribution to the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis and his often controversial stance on other cosmological and scientific matters—in particular his rejection of the "Big Bang" theory, a term originally coined by him on BBC radio.[126]
Russell Alan Hulse (1950–): American physicist and winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics, shared with his thesis advisor Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr..[127]
Nicholas Humphrey (1943–): British psychologist, working on consciousness and belief in the supernatural from a Darwinian perspective, and primatological research into Machiavellian intelligence theory.[128]
Sir Julian Huxley FRS (1887–1975): English evolutionary biologist, a leading figure in the mid-twentieth century evolutionary synthesis, Secretary of the Zoological Society of London (1935–1942), the first Director of UNESCO, and a founding member of the World Wildlife Fund.[129]
François Jacob (1920–): French biologist who, together with Jacques Monod, originated the idea that control of enzyme levels in all cells occurs through feedback on transcription. He shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Jacques Monod and André Lwoff.[130]
Frédéric Joliot-Curie (1900–1958): French physicist and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry in 1935.[131][132]
Irène Joliot-Curie (1897–1956): French scientist. She is the daughter of Marie Curie and Pierre Curie. She along with her husband, Frédéric Joliot-Curie, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1935.[133][134]
Steve Jones (1944–): British geneticist, Professor of genetics and head of the biology department at University College London, and television presenter and a prize-winning author on biology, especially evolution; one of the best known contemporary popular writers on evolution.[135][136]
Paul Kammerer (1880–1926): Austrian biologist who studied and advocated the now abandoned Lamarckian theory of inheritance – the notion that organisms may pass to their offspring characteristics they have acquired in their lifetime.[137][138]
Samuel Karlin (1924–2007): American mathematician. He did extensive work in mathematical population genetics.[139]
Stuart Kauffman (1939-): American theoretical biologist and complex systems researcher concerning the origin of life on Earth. He is best known for arguing that the complexity of biological systems and organisms might result as much from self-organization and far-from-equilibrium dynamics as from Darwinian natural se******n, as well as for applying models of Boolean networks to simplified genetic circuits.[140]
Ancel Keys (1904–2004): American scientist who studied the influence of diet on health. He examined the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and was responsible for two famous diets: K-rations and the Mediterranean diet.[141]
Alfred Dillwyn Knox (1884–1943): British classics scholar and papyrologist at King's College, Cambridge, and a cryptologist. As a member of the World War I Room 40 codebreaking unit, he helped decrypt the Zimmermann Telegram, which brought the USA into the war. At the end of World War I, he joined the Government Code and Cypher School (GCCS) and on 25 July 1939, as Chief Cryptographer, participated in the Polish-French-British Warsaw meeting that disclosed Polish achievements, since December 1932, in the continuous breaking of German Enigma ciphers, thus kick-starting the British World War II Ultra operations at Bletchley Park.[142]
Lawrence Krauss (1954-): Professor of physics at Arizona State University and popularizer of science. Krauss speaks regularly at atheist conferences, like Beyond Belief and Atheist Alliance International.[143]
Herbert Kroemer (1928–): German-American professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara. In 2000, he along with Zhores I. Alferov, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics".[144]
Harold Kroto (1939–): 1996 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry.[145]
Alfred Kinsey (1894–1956): American biologist, sexologist and professor of entomology and zoology.[146]
Ray Kurzweil (1948–): American author, scientist, inventor and futurist. He is the author of several books on health, artificial intelligence (AI), t***shumanism, the technological singularity, and futurism.[147]
Jérôme Lalande (1732–1807): French astronomer and writer.[148]
Lev Landau (1908-1968): Russian physicist. He received the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics for his development of a mathematical theory of superfluidity.[149][150]
Christopher Langton (1948 or 1949-): American computer scientist and one of the founders of the field of artificial life.[151]
Richard Leakey (1944–): Kenyan paleontologist, archaeologist and conservationist.[152]
Leon M. Lederman (1922–): American physicist who, along with Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger, received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1988 for their joint research on neutrinos.[153]
Jean-Marie Lehn (1939–): French chemist. He received the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, together with Donald Cram and Charles Pedersen.[154]
Sir John Leslie (1766–1832): Scottish mathematician and physicist best remembered for his research into heat; he was the first person to artificially produce ice, and gave the first modern account of capillary action.[155]
Nikolai Lobachevsky (1792–1856): Russian mathematician. Known for his works on hyperbolic geometry.[156][157]
H. Christopher Longuet-Higgins FRS (1923–2004): English theoretical chemist and a cognitive scientist.[158]
Paul MacCready (1925–2007): American aeronautical engineer. He was the founder of AeroVironment and the designer of the human-powered aircraft that won the Kremer prize.[159]
Ernst Mach (1838-1916): Austrian physicist and philosopher. Known for his contributions to physics such as the Mach number and the study of shock waves.[160][161][162]
Andrey Markov (1856–1922): Russian mathematician. He is best known for his work on stochastic processes.[163][164]
Samarendra Maulik (1881–1950): Indian entomologist specialising in the Coleoptera, who worked at the British Museum (Natural History) and a Professor of Zoology at the University of Calcutta.[165]
Pierre Louis Maupertuis (1698–1759): French mathematician, philosopher and man of letters. He is often credited with having invented the principle of least action; a version is known as Maupertuis' principle – an integral equation that determines the path followed by a physical system.[166]
Hiram Stevens Maxim (1840-1916): American-born British inventor. He was the inventor of the Maxim Gun, the first portable, fully automatic machine gun and an elaborate mousetrap.[167][168]
John Maynard Smith (1920–2004): British evolutionary biologist and geneticist, instrumental in the application of game theory to evolution, and noted theorizer on the evolution of sex and signalling theory.[169]
Ernst Mayr (1904–2005): a renowned taxonomist, tropical explorer, ornithologist, historian of science, and naturalist. He was one of the 20th century's leading evolutionary biologists.[170]
John McCarthy (1927–2011): American computer scientist and cognitive scientist who received the Turing Award in 1971 for his major contributions to the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). He was responsible for the coining of the term "Artificial Intelligence" in his 1955 proposal for the 1956 Dartmouth Conference and was the inventor of the Lisp programming language.[171]
Sir Peter Medawar (1915–1987): Nobel Prize-winning British scientist best known for his work on how the i****e s****m rejects or accepts tissue t***splants.[172]
Jeff Medkeff (1968–2008): American astronomer, prominent science writer and educator, and designer of robotic telescopes.[173]
Élie Metchnikoff (1845–1916): Russian biologist, zoologist and protozoologist. He is best known for his research into the i****e s****m. Mechnikov received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1908, shared with Paul Ehrlich.[174]
Jonathan Miller CBE (1934–): British physician, actor, theatre and opera director, and television presenter. Wrote and presented the 2004 television series, Atheism: A Rough History of Disbelief, exploring the roots of his own atheism and investigating the history of atheism in the world.[175][176]
Marvin Minsky (1927–): American cognitive scientist and computer scientist in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) in MIT.[177][178]
Peter D. Mitchell (1920–1992): 1978-Nobel-laureate British biochemist. His mother was an atheist and he himself became an atheist at the age of 15.[179]
Jacob Moleschott (1822–1893): Dutch physiologist and writer on dietetics.[180]
Gaspard Monge (1746–1818): French mathematician. Monge is the inventor of descriptive geometry.[19][181][182]
Jacques Monod (1910–76): French biologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965 for discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and v***s synthesis.[183]
Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909–2012): Italian neurologist who, together with colleague Stanley Cohen, received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF).[184]
Joseph-Michel Montgolfier (1740-1810): French chemist and paper-manufacturer. In 1783, he made the first ascent in a balloon (inflated with warm air).[185][186]
Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866–1945): American evolutionary biologist, geneticist and embryologist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for discoveries relating the role the c********e plays in heredity.[187][188]
Desmond Morris (1928–): English zoologist and ethologist, famous for describing human behaviour from a zoological perspective in his books The Naked Ape and The Human Zoo.[189][190]
Luboš Motl (1973-): Theoretical physics and string theorist. He said he is a Christian atheist.[191]
Fritz Müller (1821–1897): German biologist who emigrated to Brazil, where he studied the natural history of the Amazon rainforest and was an early advocate of evolutionary theory.[192]
Hermann Joseph Muller (1890–1967): American geneticist and educator, best known for his work on the physiological and genetic effects of radiation (X-ray mutagenesis). He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1946.[193]
PZ Myers (1957–): American biology professor at the University of Minnesota and a blogger via his blog, Pharyngula.[194]
John Forbes Nash, Jr. (1928–): American mathematician whose works in game theory, differential geometry, and partial differential equations. He shared the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with game theorists Reinhard Selten and John Harsanyi.[195][196]
Yuval Ne'eman (1925–2006): Israeli theoretical physicist, military scientist, and politician. One of his greatest achievements in physics was his 1961 discovery of the classification of hadrons through the SU(3)flavour symmetry, now named the Eightfold Way, which was also proposed independently by Murray Gell-Mann.[197][198]
Paul Nurse (1949–): 2001 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine.[199]
Mark Oliphant (1901–2000): Australian physicist and humanitarian. He played a fundamental role in the first experimental demonstration of nuclear fusion and also the development of the atomic bomb.[200]
Alexander Oparin (1894-1980): Soviet biochemist.[201]
Frank Oppenheimer (1912–1985): American particle physicist, professor of physics at the University of Colorado, and the founder of the Exploratorium in San Francisco. A younger brother of renowned physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, Frank Oppenheimer conducted research on aspects of nuclear physics during the time of the Manhattan Project, and made contributions to uranium enrichment.[202]
Wilhelm Ostwald (1853–1932): Baltic German chemist. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his work on catalysis, chemical equilibria and reaction velocities. He, along with Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff and Svante Arrhenius, are usually credited with being the modern founders of the field of physical chemistry.[203]
Robert L. Park (born 1931): scientist, University of Maryland professor of physics, and author of Voodoo Science and Superstition.[204]
Linus Pauling (1901–1994): American chemist, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry (1954) and Peace (1962)[74][205]
John Allen Paulos (1945–): Professor of mathematics at Temple University in Philadelphia and writer, author of Irreligion: A Mathematician Explains Why the Arguments for God Just Don't Add Up (2007)[206]
Ruby Payne-Scott (1912–1981): Australian pioneer in radiophysics and radio astronomy, and was the first female radio astronomer.[207]
Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936): Nobel Prize–winning Russian physiologist, psychologist, and physician, widely known for first describing the phenomenon of classical conditioning.[208]
Judea Pearl (1936–): Israeli American computer scientist and philosopher, best known for championing the probabilistic approach to artificial intelligence and the development of Bayesian networks. He won the Turing Award in 2011.[209]
Sir Roger Penrose (1931–): English mathematical physicist and Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford and Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College. He is renowned for his work in mathematical physics, in particular his contributions to general relativity and cosmology. He is also a recreational mathematician and philosopher[210] and refers to himself as an atheist.[211]
Francis Perrin (1901–1992): French physicist, co-establisher of the possibility of nuclear chain reactions and nuclear energy production.[212]
Jean Baptiste Perrin (1870–1942): French physicist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1926.[213]
Max Perutz (1914–2002): Austrian-born British molecular biologist, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with John Kendrew, for their studies of the structures of hemoglobin and globular proteins.[214]
Massimo Pigliucci (1964–): Professor of Ecology and Evolution at the Stony Brook University who known as an outspoken critic of creationism and advocate of science education.[215]
Steven Pinker (1954–): Canadian-born American psychologist, cognitive scientist, linguist and popular science author. [216]
Norman Pirie FRS (1907–1997): British biochemist and virologist co-discoverer in 1936 of v***l crystallization, an important milestone in understanding DNA and RNA.[217]
Ronald Plasterk (1957–): Dutch prize-winning molecular geneticist and columnist, and Minister of Education, Culture and Science in the fourth Balkenende cabinet for the Labour Party.[218]
Derek J. de Solla Price (1922–1983): British-American historian of science.[219]
Frank P. Ramsey (1903–1930): British mathematician who also made significant contributions in philosophy and economics.[220]
Marcus J. Ranum (1962–): American computer and network security researcher and industry leader. He is credited with a number of innovations in firewalls.[221]
Martin Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow (1942–): British cosmologist and astrophysicist.[222]
Oscar Riddle (1877–1968): American biologist. He is known for his research into the pituitary gland and for isolating the hormone prolactin.[223]
Richard J. Roberts (1943–): British biochemist and molecular biologist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1993 for the discovery of introns in eukaryotic DNA and the mechanism of gene-splicing.[224][225][226]
Jason Rohrer (1977-): American computer programmer, writer, musician, and game designer.[227]
Steven Rose (1938–): British Professor of Biology and Neurobiology at the Open University and University of London, and author of several popular science books.[228]
Marshall Rosenbluth (1927–2003): American physicist, nicknamed "the Pope of Plasma Physics". He created the Metropolis algorithm in statistical mechanics, derived the Rosenbluth formula in high-energy physics, and laid the foundations for instability theory in plasma physics.[229]
Oliver Sacks (1933–): United States-based British neurologist, who has written popular books about his patients, the most famous of which is Awakenings.[230]
Meghnad Saha (1893-1956): Indian astrophysicist noted for his development in 1920 of the thermal ionization equation, has remained fundamental in all work on Stellar atmospheres. This equation has been widely applied to the interpretation of stellar spectra, which are characteristic of the chemical composition of the light source. The Saha equation links the composition and appearance of the spectrum with the temperature of the light source and can thus be used to determine either the temperature of the star or the relative abundance of the chemical elements investigated.[231][232]
Andrei Sakharov (1921-1989): Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist. He gained renown as the designer of the Soviet Union's Third Idea, a codename for Soviet development of thermonuclear weapons. Sakharov was an advocate of civil liberties and civil reforms in the Soviet Union. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975. The Sakharov Prize, which is awarded annually by the European Parliament for people and organizations dedicated to human rights and freedoms, is named in his honor.[233][234][235]
Robert Sapolsky (1957–): American Professor of Biological Sciences and Professor of Neurology and Neurological Sciences at Stanford University.[236]
Wallace L. W. Sargent (1935–): American astronomer.[237]
Mahendralal Sarkar (1833–1904): Indian physician and academic.[238]
Marcus du Sautoy (1965–): mathematician and holder of the Charles Simonyi Chair for the Public Understanding of Science.[239]
Erwin Schrödinger (1887-1961): Austrian-Irish physicist and theoretical biologist. A pioneer of quantum mechanics and winner of the 1933 Nobel Prize for Physics.[240][241][242][243][244][245]
Laurent Schwartz (1915–2002): French mathematician, awarded the Fields medal for his work on distributions.[246]
Claude Shannon (1916–2001): American electrical engineer and mathematician, has been called "the father of information theory", and was the founder of practical digital circuit design theory.[247]
Edwin Shneidman (1918–2009): American suicidologist and thanatologist.[248]
William Shockley (1910–1989): American physicist and inventor. Along with John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain, Shockley co-invented the t***sistor, for which all three were awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics.[249]
William James Sidis (1898–1944): American mathematician, cosmologist, inventor, linguist, historian and child prodigy.[250]
Boris Sidis (1867-1923): Russian American psychologist, physician, psychiatrist, and philosopher of education. Sidis founded the New York State Psychopathic Institute and the Journal of A******l Psychology. He was the father of child prodigy William James Sidis. [251]
Herbert A. Simon (1916-2001):American Nobel laureate, was a political scientist, economist, sociologist, psychologist, computer scientist, and Richard King Mellon Professor—most notably at Carnegie Mellon University—whose research ranged across the fields of cognitive psychology, cognitive science, computer science, public administration, economics, management, philosophy of science, sociology, and political science, unified by studies of decision-making. .[252]
B. F. Skinner (1904-1990): American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher. Skinner developed a philosophy of science that he called radical behaviorism, and founded a school of experimental research psychology—the experimental analysis of behavior. He was the Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology at Harvard University from 1958 until his retirement in 1974. [253]
Stephen Smale (1930–): American mathematician.[254]
Michael Smith (1932–2000): British-born Canadian biochemist and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry in 1993.[255]
John Maynard Smith (1920-2004): British theoretical evolutionary biologist and geneticist. Maynard Smith was instrumental in the application of game theory to evolution and theorised on other problems such as the evolution of sex and signalling theory. [256]
Lee Smolin (1955–): American theoretical physicist, a researcher at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, and an adjunct professor of physics at the University of Waterloo.[257]
Alan Sokal (1955–): American professor of mathematics at University College London and professor of physics at New York University. To the general public he is best known for his criticism of postmodernism, resulting in the Sokal affair in 1996.[258]
Richard Stallman (1953–): American software freedom activist, hacker, and software developer.[259]
Jack Steinberger (1921–): German-American-Swiss physicist and Nobel Laureate, co-discoverer of the muon neutrino.[260]
Hugo Steinhaus (1887–1972): Polish mathematician and educator.[261]
Victor J. Stenger (1935–): American physicist, emeritus professor of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Hawaii and adjunct professor of Philosophy at the University of Colorado. Author of the book God: The Failed Hypothesis.[262][263]
Jack Suchet (1908–2001): South African born British obstetrician, gynaecologist and venereologist, who carried out research on the use of penicillin in the treatment of venereal disease with Sir Alexander Fleming.[264]
Eleazar Sukenik (1889–1953): Israeli archaeologist and professor of Hebrew University in Jerusalem, undertaking excavations in Jerusalem, and recognising the importance of the Dead Sea Scrolls to Israel.[265]
John Sulston (1942–): British biologist. He is a joint winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[266]
Leonard Susskind (1940–): American theoretical physicist; a founding father of superstring theory and professor of theoretical physics at Stanford University.[267]
Aaron Swartz (1986–2012): American computer programmer, writer, political organizer and Internet activist. Swartz was involved in the development of the web feed format RSS, the organization Creative Commons, the website framework web.py and the social news site Reddit, in which he was an equal partner after its merger with his Infogami company.[268]
Raymond Tallis (1946–): Leading British gerontologist, philosopher, poet, novelist and cultural critic.[269]
Igor Tamm (1895–1971): Soviet physicist who received the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Ilya Frank, for their 1934 discovery of Cherenkov radiation.[270][271][272]
Arthur Tansley (1871–1955): English botanist who was a pioneer in the science of ecology.[273]
Alfred Tarski (1901-1983): Polish logician, mathematician and philosopher, a prolific author best known for his work on model theory, metamathematics, and algebraic logic.[274]
Kip Thorne (1940–): American theoretical physicist, known for his contributions in gravitational physics and astrophysics and also for the popular science book, Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy.[275]
Nikolaas Tinbergen (1907–1988): Dutch ethologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns in animals.[276]
Gherman Titov (1935–2000): Soviet cosmonaut and the second human to orbit the Earth.[277]
Linus Torvalds (1969–): Finnish software engineer, creator of the Linux kernel.[278]
Alan Turing (1912–1954): English mathematician, logician, and cryptologist; often considered to be the father of modern computer science. The Turing Award, often recognized as the "Nobel Prize of computing", is named after him.[279][280]
Matthew Turner (died ca. 1789): chemist, surgeon, teacher and radical theologian, author of the first published work of avowed atheism in Britain (1782).[281][282]
Harold Urey (1893–1981): American physical chemist whose pioneering work on isotopes earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934. He played a significant role in the development of the atom bomb, but may be most prominent for his contribution to theories on the development of organic life from non-living matter.[283][284]
Nikolai Vavilov (1887–1943): Russian and Soviet botanist and geneticist best known for having identified the centres of origin of cultivated plants. He dev**ed his life to the study and improvement of wheat, corn, and other cereal crops that sustain the global population.[285]
J. Craig Venter (1946–): American biologist and entrepreneur, one of the first researchers to sequence the human genome, and in 2010 the first to create a cell with a synthetic genome.[286]
Vladimir Vernadsky (1863–1945): Ukrainian and Soviet mineralogist and geochemist who is considered one of the founders of geochemistry, biogeochemistry, and of radiogeology. His ideas of noosphere were an important contribution to Russian cosmism.[287]
W. Grey Walter (1910–1977): American neurophysiologist famous for his work on brain waves, and robotician.[288]
James D. Watson (1928–): 1962-Nobel-laureate and co-discover of the structure of DNA.[289][290]
Joseph Weber (1919–2000): American physicist, who gave the earliest public lecture on the principles behind the laser and the maser, and developed the first gravitational wave detectors (Weber bars).[291]
Steven Weinberg (1933–): American theoretical physicist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979 for the unification of electromagnetism and the weak force into the electroweak force.[292][293][294]
Victor Weisskopf (1908–2002): Austrian-American theoretical physicist, co-founder and board member of the Union of Concerned Scientists.[295]
Frank Whittle (1907–1996): English aerospace engineer, inventor, aviator and Royal Air Force officer. He is credited with independently inventing the turbojet engine (some years earlier than Germany's Dr. Hans von Ohain) and is regarded by many as the father of jet propulsion.[296]
Eugene Wigner (1902–1995): Hungarian American theoretical physicist and mathematician. He received a share of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"; the other half of the award was shared between Maria Goeppert-Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen. Wigner is important for having laid the foundation for the theory of symmetries in quantum mechanics as well as for his research into the structure of the atomic nucleus. It was Eugene Wigner who first identified Xe-135 "poisoning" in nuclear reactors, and for this reason it is sometimes referred to as Wigner poisoning. Wigner is also important for his work in pure mathematics, having authored a number of theorems.[297]
Ian Wilmut (1944-): English embryologist and is currently Director of the Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Edinburgh. He is best known as the leader of the research group that in 1996 first cloned a mammal from an adult somatic cell, a Finnish Dorset lamb named Dolly.[298]
David Sloan Wilson (1949–): American evolutionary biologist, son of Sloan Wilson, proponent of multilevel se******n theory and author of several popular books on evolution.[299]
Lewis Wolpert CBE FRS British FRSL (1929–): developmental biologist, author, and broadcaster.[300]
Steve Wozniak (1950–): co-founder of Apple Computer and inventor of the Apple I and Apple II.[301]
Elizur Wright (1804–1885): American mathematician and abolitionist, sometimes described as the "father of life insurance" for his pioneering work on actuarial tables.[302][303]
Will Wright (1960–): American computer game designer and co-founder of the game development company Maxis.[304]
Eliezer Yudkowsky (1979–): American artificial intelligence researcher concerned with the singularity and an advocate of friendly artificial intelligence.[305]
Oscar Zariski (1899–1986): American mathematician and one of the most influential algebraic geometers of the 20th century.[306]
Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich (1914–1987): Soviet physicist born in Belarus. He played an important role in the development of Soviet nuclear and thermonuclear weapons, and made important contributions to the fields of adsorption and catalysis, shock waves, nuclear physics, particle physics, astrophysics, physical cosmology, and general relativity.[307][308]
Emile Zuckerkandl (1922-2013): Austrian-born biologist who is considered one of the founders of the field of molecular evolution, who co-introduced the concept of the "molecular clock", which enabled the neutral theory of molecular evolution.[309]
Konrad Zuse (1910–1995): German civil engineer and computer pioneer. His greatest achievement was the world's first functional program-controlled Turing-complete computer, the Z3, which became operational in May 1941.[310][311]
Fritz Zwicky (1898–1974): Swiss astronomer and astrophysicist.

Social sciences

Scott Atran (1952–): American anthropologist.[90]
Gregory Bateson (1904–1980): English anthropologist, social scientist, linguist, visual anthropologist, semiotician and cyberneticist whose work intersected that of many other fields.[91]
Raymond Cattell (1905–1998): British and American psychologist, known for his exploration of many areas in psychology.[92]
Herbert de Souza (1935–1997): Brazilian sociologist and activist against economic injustice and government corruption in Brazil, and founder of the Brazilian Institute of Social Analysis and Economics (IBASE).[93]
Émile Durkheim (1858–1917): French sociologist whose contributions were instrumental in the formation of sociology and anthropology.[94]
Albert Ellis (1913–2007): American psychologist who in 1955 developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT).[95]
Hans Eysenck (1916–1997): German-British psychologist who spent most of his career in Britain, best remembered for his work on intelligence and personality, though he worked in a wide range of areas. At the time of his death, Eysenck was the living psychologist most frequently cited in science journals.[96]
Norman Finkelstein (1953–): American political scientist and author, specialising in Jewish-related issues, especially the Holocaust and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.[97]
Sir Raymond Firth CNZM, FBA (1901–2002): New Zealand ethnologist, considered to have singlehandedly created a form of British economic anthropology.[98]
Irving Fisher (1867–1947): was an American economist, inventor, and social campaigner. He was one of the earliest American neoclassical economists, though his later work on debt deflation has been embraced by the Post-Keynesian school. Fisher made important contributions to utility theory and general equilibrium. He was also a pioneer in the rigorous study of intertemporal choice in markets, which led him to develop a theory of capital and interest rates. His research on the quantity theory of money inaugurated the school of macroeconomic thought known as "monetarism." Some concepts named after Fisher include the Fisher equation, the Fisher hypothesis, the International Fisher effect, and the Fisher separation theorem.[99]
Michel Foucault (1926–1984): French philosopher, historian, critic and sociologist.[100]
G. Stanley Hall (1844–1924): American psychologist and educator. His interests focused on childhood development and evolutionary theory. Hall was the first president of the American Psychological Association and the first president of Clark University.[101]
John Harsanyi (1920–2000): Hungarian-Australian-American economist and Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner.[102]
Mayer Hillman (1931–): British political scientist, architect and town planner, a Senior Fellow Emeritus at the Policy Studies Institute.[103]
Ernest Jones (1879–1958): British neurologist and psychoanalyst, and Sigmund Freud’s official biographer.[104]
Herman Kahn (1922–1983): American futurist, military strategist and systems theorist. He was known for analyzing the likely consequences of nuclear war and recommending ways to improve survivability; a notoriety that made him an inspiration for the title character of Stanley Kubrick's classic black comedy film satire, Dr. Strangelove.[105]
Baruch Kimmerling (1939–2007): Romanian-born professor of sociology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.[106]
Kemal Kirişci (19??–): Turkish political scientist, professor at the Department of Political Science and International Relations at Boğaziçi University, Istanbul.[107]
Melanie Klein (1882–1960): Austrian-born British psychoanalyst who devised novel therapeutic techniques for children that had an impact on child psychology and contemporary psychoanalysis. She was a leading innovator in theorizing object relations theory.[108]
Frank Knight (1885–1972): American economist who spent most of his career at the University of Chicago, where he became one of the founders of the Chicago school.[109]
Jacques Lacan (1901–1981): French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist who made prominent contributions to psychoanalysis and philosophy, and has been called "the most controversial psycho-analyst since Freud".[110]
Steven Landsburg (1954–): American economist.[111]
Harold Laski (1893–1950): British political theorist, economist, author, and lecturer, active in politics (British Labour Party chairman, 1945–46), professor at the London School of Economics 1926–50. He repudiated his faith in Judaism, claiming that Reason prevented him from believing in God.[112]
Peter Lawrence (1921–1987): British-born Australian anthropologist, pioneer in the study of Melanesian religions noted for his work on cargo cults.[113]
Sir Edmund Leach (1910–1989): British social anthropologist, a Fellow of the British Academy.[114]
James H. Leuba (1868–1946): American psychologist, one of the leading figures of the early phase of the American psychology of religion movement.[115]
Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909): Italian criminologist, physician and founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology.[116]
Paolo Mantegazza (1831–1910): Italian neurologist, physiologist and anthropologist, noted for his experimental investigation of coca leaves into its effects on the human psyche.[117]
Abraham Maslow (1908–1970): American psychologist. He was a professor of psychology at Brandeis University, Brooklyn College, New School for Social Research and Columbia University who created Maslow's hierarchy of needs.[118]
Franz Leopold Neumann (1900–1954): German political scientist, known for theoretical analyses of National Socialism, and considered among the founders of modern political science in Germany.[119]
Will Provine : American historian of science and of evolutionary biology and population genetics.[120]
Alfred Radcliffe-Brown (1881–1955): English social anthropologist who developed the theory of Structural functionalism.[121]
Wilhelm Reich (1897–1957): Austrian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, known as one of the most radical figures in the history of psychiatry.[122]
David Ricardo (1772–1823): English political economist, scientist and stock trader. He was often credited with systematising economics, and was one of the most influential of the classical economists, along with Thomas Malthus, Adam Smith, and John Stuart Mill.[123][124]
Carl Rogers (1902–1987): American psychologist and among the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology. Rogers is widely considered to be one of the founding fathers of psychotherapy research and was honored for his pioneering research with the Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions by the American Psychological Association in 1956.[125]
Murray Rothbard (1926–1995): American economist, historian and political theorist. He was a prominent exponent of the Austrian School of economics who helped to define capitalist libertarianism, and he popularized a form of free-market anarchism which he termed "anarcho-capitalism."[126][127]
Boris Sidis (1867–1923): Ukrainian psychologist, physician, psychiatrist, and philosopher of education.[128]
Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001): American political scientist and economist, one of the most influential social scientists of the 20th century.[129]
B. F. Skinner (1904–1990): American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, social philosopher and poet.[130]
Robert Spitzer (19??–): American psychiatrist, Professor of Psychiatry at Columbia University, a major architect of the modern classification of mental disorders.[131]
Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–2009): French anthropologist and ethnologist, and has been called, along with James George Frazer, the "father of modern anthropology".[132]
Laurie Taylor (1936–): British sociologist and radio presenter.[133]
Georges Vacher de Lapouge (1854–1936): French anthropologist and eugenicist.[134]
John B. Watson (1878–1958): American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism.[101]
Knut Wicksell (1851–1926): Swedish economist of the Stockholm school. His economic contributions would influence both the Keynesian and Austrian schools of economic thought.

Historians

Richard Carrier (1969-): American historian and advocate for both atheism and metaphysical naturalism.[74]
G. E. M. de Ste. Croix (1910–2000): British historian, specializing in examining the classical era from a historical materialist perspective.[75]
Constantine Fitzgibbon (1919–1983): Irish-American historian and novelist.[76]
George Grote (1794–1871): English classical historian, best known in the field for a major work, the voluminous History of Greece, still read.[77]
Keith Hopkins (1934–2004): British classical historian and sociologist, professor of ancient history at the University of Cambridge 1985–2001.[78]
Robin Lane Fox (1946–): English academic and historian, currently a Fellow of New College, Oxford, Lecturer in Ancient History at Exeter College, Oxford and University Reader in Ancient History.[79]
James Murdoch (Scottish journalist) (1856–1921): Scottish scholar and journalist, whose three-volume History of Japan was the first comprehensive history of Japan in the English language.[80]
Tony Parker (1923–1996): English oral historian, whose work was dedicated to giving a voice to British and American society's most marginalised figures.[81]
John Howard Smith (1968- ): Professor of History at Texas A&M University-Commerce, specialist in colonial Anglo-American and revolutionary American history, the history of religion in early America, and American Indian history.
Francesca Stavrakopoulou (19??–): Senior lecturer in the University of Exeter's department of Theology and Religion and presenter of the BBC series The Bible's Buried Secrets.[82]
Pierre Vidal-Naquet (1930–2006): French classical historian.[83]

Philosophers

John Anderson (1893–1962): Scottish-born Australian philosopher, founder of the empirical philosophy known as 'Sydney realism'.[1]
Hector Avalos (1958–): Mexican-American professor of Religious Studies at Iowa State University and author of several books about religion.[2]
A. J. Ayer (1910–1989): British philosopher and an advocate of logical positivism. Though technically he viewed the concept of God existing as meaningless, he was happy to call himself an atheist.[3][4]
Alain Badiou (1937–): French philosopher.[5]
Julian Baggini (1968–): British writer specialising in philosophy, author of Atheism: A Very Short Introduction.[6]
Mikhail Bakunin (1814–1876): Russian philosopher, writer and anarchist.[7]
Bruno Bauer (1809–1882): German philosopher, theologian and historian, the first propounder of the Jesus myth hypothesis.[8]
Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986): French author and existentialist philosopher. Beauvoir wrote novels and monographs on philosophy, politics, social issues and feminism.[9][10]
Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832): English author, jurist, philosopher, and legal and social reformer. He is best known for his advocacy of utilitarianism.[11][12][13]
Simon Blackburn (1944–): British academic atheist philosopher known for his efforts to popularise philosophy.[14]
Célestin Bouglé (1870–1940): French philosopher known for his role as one of Émile Durkheim's collaborators and a member of the L'Année Sociologique.[15]
Yaron Brook (1961–): Israeli-born president and executive director of the Ayn Rand Institute.[16]
Ludwig Büchner (1824–1899): German philosopher, physiologist and physician who became one of the exponents of 19th century scientific materialism.[17]
Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970): German philosopher who was active in central Europe before 1935 and in the United States thereafter. He was a leading member of the Vienna Circle and a prominent advocate of logical positivism.[18][19][20]
Robert Todd Carroll (1945–): American writer and academic, professor of philosophy at Sacramento City College until 1997, and keeper of the Skeptic's Dictionary website.[21]
David Chalmers (1966–): Australian philosopher of mind.[22]
Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya (1918–1993): Bengali Marxist philosopher.
Nikolay Chernyshevsky (1828–1889): Russian revolutionary democrat, materialist philosopher, critic, and socialist.[23]
Auguste Comte (1798–1857): French positivist thinker, credited with coining the term "sociologie" ("sociology").[24][25]
André Comte-Sponville (1952–): French philosopher, author of L'Esprit de l'athéisme (2006) and The Little Book of Atheist Spirituality (2007).[26]
Marquis de Condorcet (1743–1794): French philosopher, mathematician, and early political scientist who devised the concept of a Condorcet method.[27]
Benedetto Croce (1866–1952): Italian philosopher and public figure.[28]
Donald Davidson (1917–2003): American philosopher.[29]
Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995): French philosopher of the late 20th century. From the early 1960s until his death, Deleuze wrote many influential works on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art.[30]
Daniel Dennett (1942–): American philosopher, author of Breaking the Spell.[31]
Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809–1831): Anglo-Indian poet and teacher.[32]
John Dewey (1859–1952): American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey was an important early developer of the philosophy of pragmatism and one of the founders of functional psychology. He was a major representative of progressive education and liberalism.[33]
Diagoras of Melos (5th century BC): Ancient Greek poet and sophist known as the Atheist of Milos, who declared that there were no Gods.[34]
Denis Diderot (1713–84): editor-in-chief of the Encyclopédie.[35]
Theodore Drange (1934–): Philosopher of religion and Professor Emeritus at West Virginia University. Drange authored Nonbelief & Evil: Two arguments for the nonexistence of God.[36]
Paul Edwards (1923–2004): Austrian-American moral philosopher and editor of The Encyclopedia of Philosophy.[37]
Empedocles (c. 490–430 BC): Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a citizen of Agrigentum, a Greek city in Sicily. Empedocles' philosophy is best known for being the originator of the cosmogenic theory of the four Classical elements.[38][39]
Dylan Evans (1966–): British philosopher, known for his work on emotion and the placebo effect.[40]
Fan Zhen (circa 450 – 515): Chinese philosopher remembered today for his treatise Shén Miè Lùn ("On the Annihilation of the Soul").[41]
Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach (1804–1872): German philosopher whose major work, The Essence of Christianity, maintains that religion and divinity are projections of human nature.[42]
Friedrich Karl Forberg (1770–1848): German philosopher and classical scholar.[43]
Michel Foucault (1926–1984) : French philosopher and social theorist famous for his influential analysis of power and discourse. He is best known for his revolutionary philosophical analyses of social institutions such as Discipline and Punish and The History of Sexuality.[44]
William Godwin (1756–1836): English journalist, political philosopher and novelist. He is considered one of the first exponents of utilitarianism, and the first modern proponent of anarchism.[45]
A. C. Grayling (1949–): British philosopher and author of, among others, Against All Gods: Six Polemics on Religion and an Essay on Kindness.[46]
John Harris (1947–): British professor of bioethics at the University of Manchester, and member of the UK Human Genetics Commission.[47]
Sam Harris (1967–): American author, philosopher, and neuroscientist. He is the co-founder and CEO of Project Reason.[48]
Claude Adrien Helvétius (1715–71): French philosopher whose ethical and social views helped shape the school of utilitarianism later made famous by Jeremy Bentham.[35]
Heraclitus (c. 535 BC–c. 475 BC): pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of the Greek city Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Asia Minor. He was of distinguished parentage. Little is known about his early life and education, but he regarded himself as self-taught and a pioneer of wisdom. From the lonely life he led, and still more from the riddling nature of his philosophy and his contempt for humankind in general, he was called "The Obscure" and the "Weeping Philosopher".[49]
Eric Hoffer (1902–1983): American moral and social philosopher. He was the author of ten books and was awarded the P**********l Medal of Freedom in February 1983. His first book, The True Believer, published in 1951, was widely recognized as a classic, receiving critical acclaim from both scholars and laymen.[50]
Baron d'Holbach (1723–1789): French philosopher and encyclopedist, most famous as being one of the first outspoken atheists in Europe.[51]
Alexandre Kojève (1902–1968): Russian-born French philosopher and statesman.[52]
Corliss Lamont (1902–1995): American humanist and Marxist philosopher, and advocate of various left-wing and civil liberties causes.[53]
David Kellogg Lewis (1941–2001): American philosopher. One of the leading thinkers of the second half of the 20th century.[54]
Peter Lipton (1954–2007): British philosopher, the Hans Rausing Professor and Head of the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at Cambridge University until his unexpected death in November 2007. He was "one of the leading philosophers of science and epistemologists in the world."[55]
Kazimierz Łyszczyński (also known in English as "Casimir Liszinski"; 1634–89): Polish-Lithuanian nobleman and philosopher, author of a philosophical treatise, De non existentia Dei (On the Non-existence of God), who was condemned to death and brutally executed for atheism.[56][57][58]
John Leslie Mackie (1917–1981): Australian philosopher who specialized in meta-ethics as a proponent of moral skepticism. Wrote The Miracle of Theism, discussing arguments for and against theism and concluding that theism is rationally untenable.[59]
Michael Martin (1932–): analytic philosopher and professor emeritus at Boston University, author of, amongst others, Atheism: A Philosophical Justification (1989) and The Impossibility of God (2003).[60]
Harriet Martineau (1802–1876): an English writer and philosopher, renowned in her day as a controversial journalist, political economist, abolitionist and lifelong feminist.[61]
Karl Marx (1818–1883): philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist and revolutionary. Often called the father of c*******m, Marx was both a scholar and a political activist. In 1843, Karl Marx published Contribution to Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, in which he dealt more substantively with religion, describing it as "the opiate of the people".[62]
Colin McGinn (1950–): British philosopher and author, best known for his work in the philosophy of mind.[63]
Jean Meslier (1678–1733): French village Catholic priest who was found, on his death, to have written a book-length philosophical essay, entitled Common Sense but commonly referred to as Meslier's Testament, promoting atheism.[64][65]
Julien Offray de La Mettrie (1709–51): French physician and philosopher, earliest materialist writer of the Enlightenment, claimed as a founder of cognitive science.[66][67]
John Stuart Mill (1806–1873): The famous philosopher declared his atheism, and that of his father, in a famous essay published posthumously.[68][69][70]
Ted Nelson (1937–): American sociologist, philosopher, and pioneer of information technology. He coined the terms "hypertext" and "hypermedia" in 1963 and published them in 1965.[71]
Michael Neumann (1946–): American professor of philosophy at Trent University, noted for his work on utilitarianism, rationality and anti-Semitism.[72]
Kai Nielsen (1926–): adjunct professor of philosophy at Concordia University in Montreal and professor emeritus of philosophy at the University of Calgary.[73]
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900): German philosopher whose Beyond Good and Evil sought to refute traditional notions of morality. Nietzsche penned a memorable secular statement of the Doctrine of Eternal Recurrence in Thus Spoke Zarathustra and is forever associated with the phrase, "God is dead" (first seen in his book, The Gay Science).[74]
Piergiorgio Odifreddi (1950–): Italian mathematician and popular science writer.[75]
Michel Onfray (1958–): French philosopher, founder of Université populaire de Caen, and author of Atheist Manifesto: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.[76][77]
Graham Oppy (1960–): Australian philosopher and Associate Dean of Research at Monash University, and Associate Editor of the Australasian Journal of Philosophy. His main area of research is the philosophy of religion.[78]
Leonard Peikoff (1933–): an Objectivist philosopher, Ayn Rand's legal heir. He is a former professor of philosophy, a former radio talk show host, and founder of the Ayn Rand Institute.[79]
Herman Philipse (1951–): professor of philosophy at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. Philipse has written many philosophical works in Dutch, including the widely read Atheist Manifesto and the Unreasonableness of Religion (Atheistisch manifest & De onredelijkheid van religie).[80]
Protagoras, (died 420 BC), Greek Sophist and first major Humanist, who wrote that the existence of the gods was unknowable.[81]
Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000): American philosopher and logician.[82][83]
Thanthai Periyar (1879-1973) Indian philosopher, social activist, politician and businessman affectionately called by his followers as Periyar or E. V. R., who started the Self-Respect Movement or the Dravidian Movement. He is also the founder of political party, Dravidar Kazhagam Periyar E. V. Ramasamy
James Rachels (1941–2003): American philosopher who specialized in ethics.[84]
Ayn Rand (1905–1982): Russian-American founder of Objectivism and novelist.[16]
John Rawls (1921–2002): American philosopher and a leading figure in moral and political philosophy.[85]
Jean-François Revel (1924–2006): French politician, journalist, author, prolific philosopher and member of the Académie française.[86]
Richard Rorty (1931–2007): American philosopher.[87]
Alex Rosenberg (1946–): Philosopher of science, author of The Atheist's Guide to Reality
Michael Ruse (1940–): English philosopher of science, known for his work on the argument between creationism and evolutionary biology.[88]
Bertrand Russell (1872–1970): British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic.
Nathan Salmon (1951-): American philosopher and distinguished professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, whose writings include work on fictional characters and mythical objects.
George Santayana (1863–1952): Philosopher in the naturalist and pragmatist traditions who called himself a "Catholic atheist."[89][90]
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980): French existentialist philosopher, dramatist and novelist who declared that he had been an atheist from age twelve.[91] Although he regarded God as a self-contradictory concept, he still thought of it as an ideal toward which people strive.[92] He rejected the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1964. According to Sartre, his most-repeated summary of his existentialist philosophy, "Existence precedes essence," implies that humans must abandon traditional notions of having been designed by a divine creator.[93]
Moritz Schlick (1882–1936): German philosopher, physicist and the founding father of logical positivism and the Vienna Circle.[94]
Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860): Pessimistic German philosopher and author of the book The World as Will and Representation.[95][96][97][98][99]
John Searle (1932–): American philosopher, Slusser Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley, widely noted for contributions to the philosophy of language, the philosophy of mind, and to social philosophy.[100]
Peter Singer (1946–): Australian utilitarian philosopher, proponent of animal rights, and Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University.[101]
George H. Smith (1949–): Libertarian philosopher, author and educator. Smith authored Atheism: The Case Against God.[102]
Quentin Smith (1952–): Philosopher and professor of philosophy at Western Michigan University. Smith co-authored the book Theism, Atheism and Big Bang Cosmology with William Lane Craig.[103]
Herbert Spencer (1820–1903), English philosopher, biologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era.[104]
Max Stirner (1806–1856): German philosopher, who ranks as one of the fathers of nihilism, existentialism, post-modernism and anarchism, especially of individualist anarchism. Stirner's main work is The Ego and Its Own.[105]
Theodorus the Atheist (lived around 300 BC): Philosopher of the Cyrenaic school who taught that the goal of life was to obtain joy and avoid grief.[106]
Lucilio Vanini (1585–1619), Italian philosopher, brutally executed for his atheism.[107][108]
Sir Bernard Williams FBA (1929–2003): British philosopher, widely cited as the most important British moral philosopher of his time.[109]
Sherwin Wine (1928–2007): Founder of the non-theistic Society for Humanistic Judaism, who has also called himself an "ignostic".[110]
Slavoj Žižek (1949–): Slovenian sociologist, postmodern philosopher, and cultural critic.[111]

Activists and educators

Clark Adams (1969–2007): Prominent American freethought leader and activist.[1]
Ayaan Hirsi Ali (born 1969): Dutch feminist and politician.[2][3]
Natalie Angier (born 1958): Nonfiction writer and science journalist for The New York Times; 1991 winner of Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting.[4]
Dan Barker (born 1949): American atheist activist, current co-president of the Freedom From Religion Foundation, alongside his wife, Annie Laurie Gaylor.[5]
Walter Block (born 1941): Austrian School economist and classical liberal[6]
Peter Brearey (1939–1998): British secularist, socialist and journalist, Editor of The Freethinker from 1993 until his death.[7]
William Montgomery Brown (1855–1937): Episcopal bishop and C*******t author.[8]
Richard Carlile (1790–1843): English activist. He was an important agitator for the establishment of universal suffrage and freedom of the press in the United Kingdom.[9]
Richard Carrier (born 1969): American historian, philosopher, and atheist activist.[10]
Greta Christina (born 1961): American blogger, speaker, and author.[11][12]
Chapman Cohen (1868–1954): English freethought writer and lecturer, and an editor of The Freethinker and president of the National Secular Society.[13]
Richard Dawkins (born 1941): British biologist, author of The God Delusion, The Greatest Show on Earth, Climbing Mount Improbable, Unweaving the Rainbow, A Devil's Chaplain, The Ancestor's Tale, The Blind Watchmaker, The Extended Phenotype, River Out of Eden, and The Selfish Gene. Founder of the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science, a non–profit charitable organization that promotes critical thinking, science-based education, and evidence–based understanding of the world.[14] Richard Dawkins has produced several documentaries, including Root of all Evil? and Enemies of Reason.
Margaret Downey (born 1950): an atheist activist who is a former President of Atheist Alliance International.[15]
Matt Dillahunty was the president of the Atheist Community of Austin until May, 2013. He is the host of the live internet radio show "Non-Prophets Radio" and of the Austin Public-access television cable TV show The Atheist Experience.[16] He is also the founder and contributor of the counter-apologetics encyclopedia Iron Char**ts and its subsidiary sites.[17]
Joseph Edamaruku (1934–2006): Indian journalist, author, leader in the rationalist movement, and winner of the International Atheist Award in 1979.[18][19]
Sanal Edamaruku (born 1955): Indian rationalist, president of the Indian Rationalist Association.[20]
Reginald Vaughn Finley, Sr. (born 1974): ("The Infidel Guy"): Internet radio host and Pioneering Podcaster based in Atlanta, Georgia, co-founder of the Atheist Network and founder of FreethoughtMedia.com. Mr. Finley is a lifetime educational activist, critical thinker, humanist and atheist. During his show's tenure (1999-2010), he produced over 500 media programs that challenged his listeners as well as himself. He's also well known for his appearance on ABC's Wifeswap(2005) when his spouse (Amber Finley) swapped places with a fundamentalist pastor's wife, Kelly Stonerock.[21]
David D. Friedman (born1945): capitalist writer.[22]
Annie Laurie Gaylor (born 1955): co-founder of the Freedom From Religion Foundation and, with her husband Dan Barker, is the current co-president.[23]
Emma Goldman (1869–1940): Lithuanian-born radical, known for her writings and speeches defending anarchist c*******m, feminism, and atheism.[24]
Gora (1902–1975): Indian atheist leader, co-founder with his wife of the Atheist Centre in Andhra Pradesh.[25]
Saraswathi Gora (1912–2006): Indian social activist, wife of Gora and leader of the Atheist Centre for many years, campaigning against untouchability and the caste system.[25]
John William Gott (1866–1922): English trouser salesman and leader of the Freethought Socialist League, the last person in Britain to be sent to prison for blasphemy.[26]
Che Guevara (1928–1967): Argentine Marxist revolutionary, politician and author.[27]
E. Haldeman-Julius (1889–1951): American author, editor and publisher of the Little Blue Books series[28]
Erkki Hartikainen (born 1942): is a Finnish atheist activist. He is the chairman of the Atheist Association of Finland (Suomen Ateistiyhdistys) and former chairman of the Union of Freethinkers of Finland (Vapaa-ajattelijoiden liitto), the biggest atheistic association in Finland.[29]
Christopher Hitchens (1949-2011): British-American columnist, polemicist, and free-thought activist. Author of New York Times best seller God is not Great - How Religion Poisons Everything.
George Holyoake (1817–1906): English secularist.[30] Holyoake was the last person in England to be imprisoned (in 1842) for being an atheist.[31] He coined the term "secularism" in 1846.[32]
Penn Jillette (born 1955): one half of debunking illusionist team Penn & Teller
Ellen Johnson: President of American Atheists, 1995-2008.[33]
Edwin Kagin (1940-2014): lawyer, activist, founder of the Camp Quest secular summer camp, and American Atheists' Kentucky State Director.[34]
Paul Kurtz (1925-2012): Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the State University of New York at Buffalo, best known for his prominent role in the United States humanist and skeptical communities.[35]
Viktor Emanuel Lennstrand (1861–1895): leader of the Swedish Freethought movement in the 1880s and early 1890s.[36]
Joseph Lewis (1889–1968): American freethinker and atheist, president of Freethinkers of America 1920–1968.[37]
Barry McGowan (born 1961): Author of How to Separate Church & State. Long-time atheist activist and former President and Vice-President of Freethought organizations, he is the creator and webmaster of AtheistActivist.org.[38][39]
Hemant Mehta (born c.1983): Author of I Sold My Soul on eBay, chair of the Secular Student Alliance and author of the blog FriendlyAtheist.com.[40][41]
William L. Moore (1927–1963): Postal worker and Congress of Racial E******y (CORE) member who staged lone protests against racial segregation. He was murdered on his final protest.[42]
Maryam Namazie (born 1963): A human rights activist, commentator and broadcaster. Namazie has served as the executive director of the International Federation of Iranian Refugees. She is spokesperson for the One Law for All Campaign against Sharia Law in Britain.[43]
Michael Newdow (born 1953): American physician and attorney, who sued a school district on the grounds that its requirement that children recite the U.S. Pledge of Allegiance, containing the words "under God", breached the separation-of-church-and-state provision in the establishment clause of the United States Constitution.[44]
Michael Nugent (born 1961): Irish writer and activist, chairperson of Atheist Ireland.[45]
Madalyn Murray O'Hair (1919–1995): founder of American Atheists, campaigner for the separation of church and state; filed the lawsuit that led the US Supreme Court to ban teacher-led prayer and Bible reading in public schools. Murdered September 1995.[46]
Robert L. Park (born 1931): scientist, University of Maryland professor of physics, and author of Voodoo Science and Superstition.[47]
Philip K. Paulson (1947–2006): American plaintiff in a series of law suits to remove a Christian cross from a prominent summit in the city of San Diego.[48]
Herman Philipse (born 1951), professor of philosophy at Utrecht University, the Netherlands and University of Oxford, United Kingdom, writer of Atheistisch manifest & De onredelijkheid van religie [49]
James Randi, (born 1928): magician, paranormal investigator, and founder of the James Randi Educational Foundation.[50]
A. Philip Randolph, (1889–1979): African-American civil rights leader.[51]
J. M. Robertson (1856–1933): Scottish journalist, advocate of rationalism and secularism, social reformer and Liberal Member of Parliament.[52]
Terry Sanderson (born 1946): British secularist and gay rights activist, author and journalist, President of the National Secular Society since 2006.[53]
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar (1883–1966): Indian revolutionary freedom fighter, and Hindu nationalist leader.[54]
Ellery Schempp (born 1940): American physicist and church-state separation activist.[55]
Amanda Brown (Born 1986): Founder of We Are Atheism, "Coming out atheist" campaign. Founder of Atheists Giving Aid; non-profit organization that helps anyone regardless of religious affiliation in times of crisis. She has been an atheist activist since 2010 and has raised over $100,000 in financial assistance to atheists in need around the country.[56]
Adam Brown (Born 1981): Founder of Atheism Resource, a resource that informs, entertains, and educates the public about all things atheism. Married to Amanda Brown in 2006 this "atheist power couple" has helped change the face of atheism since 2010.[57]
Ariane Sherine (born 1980): English comedy writer and journalist. She created the UK version of the Atheist Bus Campaign, which ran in January 2009. She lives in London.
Charles Lee Smith (1887–1964): an atheist activist in the United States and an editor of the T***h Seeker until his death. He also founded the American Association for the Advancement of Atheism. Smith was arrested twice in 1928 for selling atheist literature and for blasphemy. Since he refused to swear an oath to God on the Bible, he was not allowed to testify in his own defense.[58]
Barbara Smoker (born 1923): British humanist activist and freethought advocate. Wrote the book Freethoughts: Atheism, Secularism, Humanism – Selected Egotistically from The Freethinker.[59]
Teller (magician) (born 1948): one half of debunking illusionist team Penn & Teller
Mandisa Thomas (living): founder and president of Black Nonbelievers Inc, which she founded in 2011.[60][61]
Polly Toynbee (born 1946): British journalist, columnist for The Guardian.[62]
Nicolas Walter (1934–2000): British anarchist and atheist writer, speaker and activist."Mr Walter is a third-generation atheist, very proud that his grandparents, on both sides, shrugged off various forms of Protestantism. His father was W Grey Walter, the eminent neurologist, who often appeared on The Brains Trust. "He was a left-wing humanist and believed that science could solve everything." " H****r Davies interviewing Walter, 'O come all ye faithless: Nicolas Walter, a militant atheist, sees no reason to celebrate Christmas. But he'll still be singing a carol or two', The Independent[63]
Keith Porteous Wood (born 1948): Executive Director, formerly General Secretary, of the National Secular Society in the United Kingdom.[64]
Pietro Acciarito (1871–1943): Italian anarchist activist who attempted to assassinate King Umberto I.[65]
Zackie Achmat (born 1962): South African anti-HIV/AIDS activist; founder of the Treatment Action Campaign.[66]
Baba Amte (1914–2008): Respected Indian social activist, known for his work with lepers.[67]
Julian Assange (born 1971): Australian publisher, journalist, media and internet entrepreneur, media critic, writer, computer programmer and political/internet activist.[68]
Alexander Berkman (1870–1936): anarchist known for his political activism and writing. He was a leading member of the anarchist movement in the early 20th century. While living in France, Berkman continued his work in support of the anarchist movement, producing the classic exposition of anarchist principles, Now and After: The ABC of C*******t Anarchism.[69][70]
Robert Ettinger (1918–2011): American academic, known as "the father of cryonics" because of the impact of his 1962 book The Prospect of Immortality.[71]
David D. Friedman (born 1945): Economist, law professor, novelist, and libertarian activist.[72]
Abbie Hoffman (1936–1989): American political and social activist.[73]
Ze'ev Jabotinsky (1880–1940): Revisionist Z*****t (nationalist) leader, author, orator, activist, soldier, and founder of the Jewish Self-Defense Organization in Odessa.[74][75]
Franklin E. Kameny (born 1925): American gay rights activist and former astronomer.[76]
Adam Kokesh (born 1982): American libertarian anti-war activist and self-professed anarcho-capitalist.[77]
Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921): Russian anarchist c*******t activist and geographer, best known for his book, Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution, which refutes social Darwinism.[78]
Gustav Landauer (1870–1919): German anarchist and activist. He was one of the leading theorists on anarchism in Germany in the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. He was an advocate of social anarchism and an avowed pacifist.[79]
Taslima Nasrin (born 1962): Bangladeshi physician, writer, feminist human rights activist and secular humanist.[80]
Ingrid Newkirk (born 1949): British-born animal rights activist, author, and president and co-founder of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, the world's largest animal rights organization.[81][82]
Deng Pufang (born 1944): Chinese handicap people's rights activist, first son of China's former Paramount leader Deng Xiaoping.[83]
Ron Reagan (born 1958): American magazine journalist, board member of the politically activistic Creative Coalition, son of former U. S. President Ronald Reagan.[84]
Henry Stephens Salt (1851–1939): English writer and campaigner for social reform in the fields of prisons, schools, economic institutions and the treatment of animals, a noted anti-vivisectionist and pacifist, and a literary critic, biographer, classical scholar and naturalist, and the man who introduced Mahatma Gandhi to the influential works of Henry David Thoreau.[85]
Andrei Sakharov (1921-1989): Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist. He gained renown as the designer of the Soviet Union's Third Idea, a codename for Soviet development of thermonuclear weapons. Sakharov was an advocate of civil liberties and civil reforms in the Soviet Union. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975. The Sakharov Prize, which is awarded annually by the European Parliament for people and organizations dedicated to human rights and freedoms, is named in his honor.[86][87][88]
Margaret Sanger (1879–1966): American birth-control activist, founder of the American Birth Control League, a forerunner to Planned Parenthood. The masthead motto of her newsletter, The Woman Rebel, read: "No Gods, No Masters".[89]
Rosika Schwimmer (1877–1948): Hungarian-born pacifist, feminist and female suffragist.[90]
Bhagat Singh (1907–1931): Indian revolutionary freedom fighter.[91]
Marie Souvestre (1830–1905): French headmistress, a feminist educator who sought to develop independent minds in young women.[92]
David Suzuki (born 1936): Canadian academic, science broadcaster and environmental activist.[93]
Aaron Swartz (1986–2012): American computer programmer, writer, political organizer and Internet activist. Swartz was involved in the development of the web feed format RSS, the organization Creative Commons, the website framework web.py and the social news site Reddit, in which he was an equal partner after its merger with his Infogami company.[94]
Periyar E. V. Ramasamy (1879-1973): Social activist and Politician.[95]