wj cody wrote:
poets and writers of books (short stories, novels, non-fiction) usually avoid working directly on the computer. where they can, they will usually hand write, on paper, with pencil, their first couple of drafts, editing as they go along. you would be surprised how many of these authors then go to a typewriter for their 4th or even 5th drafts, before entering their work on computer.
the reason seems to be the typewriter allows for pausing and editing as the work is typed. therefore, fewer, if any errors, wind up in the final work.
with the advent of computers and cold type, especially in newspapers, the levels of proof reading have disappeared. so, no copy editor, no lineotyper and no proof reader who sat along with the lineotypest, and finally the people who "dummied" up the pages. as for the last, this word comes from the time when composing rooms hired deaf mutes to make up the pages. they were referred to as "dummies". in my days at the paper i worked at, i cannot tell you how many hours i spent in the composing room and how much i learned from these people. they were valuable and i found, thanks to them, i could read the lead copy upside down and backwards. they were some of my most memorable teachers, and i still miss them all.
poets and writers of books (short stories, novels,... (
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Wow, Cody, you must be hanging out with ghosts. Those of us who write books, essays and the like long ago abandoned the typewriter. It is much easier to edit and revise one's work on a computer. (Poets may be another story.)
As for "dummies" and composing rooms, anyone who has worked at a newspaper can tell you that a page dummy is merely a schematic showing where stories go on a page. Computer pagination systems eliminated the need for page dummies. There were no deaf compositors at any of the newspapers where I worked.
Anyone who has worked in a hot type composing room can read type upside down and backwards--a useless skill now.
As I mentioned earlier, proofreaders are not needed because there is no longer the middleman, the Linotype operator, and proofs of his work. Writing is transmitted directly to the publication, and any errors are those of the author. However, most book authors and some other writers do receive what can be called a proof, but those are to provide final checks against editing changes and other random errors.