Here's an example of how they are not are analogous...

One big thing can do digitally that was very hard to do with film is color correction at more than one place along the dark/light range. Unless you were doing very complicated, time-consuming, and difficult masking, you could only color correct a film photographically processed (as opposed to digitally processed) image at one color point.

Color enlargers for printing have filter dials that would change the color mix, but these adjustments applied to the whole image. Getting the color balance right was laborious due to the turnaround time between trying a set of exposures and seeing the results. At best you could get the color right in one place of the color space, and the rest came out as it came out.

A common example was sunlight-balanced film used to take pictures under incandescent lighting. Corrected for sunlight, the whole image would look orange. You could pick a mid-gray spot somewhere and make it look gray, but then dark areas would have a bluish tinge.

Digital sensors are usually linear, so one correction for the lighting color actually works, and it's easy and normal to map the output image from the darkest to lightest area of the raw image.

Printing color negatives requires color correction or, as they say, post-processing. Do you think that means it is done to cover up the photographer's mistakes? Even with the color corrections, it was still impossible to create "what you saw" when you took the film photograph?

I think the answer whether to shoot JPEG or raw depends on how you plan on sharing the photos. If you are going to share online shooting JPEG may be OK. However if you probably plan on making or having made a print from your work you probably shoot raw. As for having the "right" settings in camera I think you should have camera setting either way for both JPEG's and raw images.

I shoot all my landscape photos in raw and my cameras settings are set up before hand for shadows, highlights, sharpness and white balance since usually I do not use auto white balance.

I don't think that statement is true with Sony cameras and editors.

I've done a lot of online research on software that will emulate the RAW to JPEG processing that happens in Sony cameras and apparently there is no way to do that, not even with Imaging Edge or Capture One for Sony. If you search for that you will find a lot of entries in the Sony forums that state that it is not possible with Imaging Edge. If it were I would shoot nothing but RAW but I've tried the default settings on about 10 different editors and none produce an acceptable default image. I cannot edit a RAW file to as good or better than the in camera JPEG that Sony cameras produce. I have tried many times and have become frustrated each time... so, for now it's JPEG for me.