JZA B1 wrote:
Square crop, rule of thirds, or something completely different?
How do you know which one to apply in any given situation? Any time-tested rules or just what looks best?
In short, practice, practice. In the long run, study some of the great photographers - of all ages. Are you drawn to landscapes, florals, candid group images, studio, street/ personal points of interest; clear precise focusing, or more of an impressionistic type of approach - minimalism and/ or macro? Cityscapes with interesting geometrics and lines - weather related / environmental - documentary? Your personal tastes will evolve.
There are some excellent examples of these areas here on UHH, from environmental to city/ landscapes to florals to animals in environment, to b&w to street scenes.. There are also lots of simply images of record.
Learn to be able to justify your opinion on the differences, which will need the ability to change your mind with new and updated factual information, time and experience - caution of 'moire' opinions.
Learn your camera; experience along with study will guide you.
Learn the rules of composition, and then forget them. In another field of interest it was encouraged to learn the information and then forget it. The information come to the fore when needed. Learn to trust what feels good to you in an image. Your opinion of your own work will change with learning as to just what is a compelling image; your evolvement in photography. Let your innate come through.
Are you interested in picture perfect (sharpness is a requirement on some -a lot of - applications), or an image that draws an emotion; or simply one that encourages you to keep looking at it - a quality of a great image.
Again, several photographers here have this capability. Seek out what 'jazzes' you and work in this area. It will come; learn what works for you, and what doesn't. Be critical of your work, but not toooo critical, as this perspective will either encourage or discourage the desire to move forward.
Hopefully you'll learn to stretch your vision and capabilities.
Keep in mind that a technically perfect sharp image that is boring is a perfectly boring picture;
a perfect image of record.
Yet in all of this let the passion of this art form propel you and motivate you to 'just get out there' and shoot.
In time you will find if you need to crop, to the single focal point of your image, or if the whole of an image gives the focal point of interest room to breathe within it's environment - telling the 'rest of the story'.
When you may want a 'square' presentation or full ratio of the image - you will begin to question what format is required, or just leave the heck alone - keeping in mind this takes study of this approach to detect when this would benefit your image. When this occurs, you will know you're on your way in advancing your compositional skills.
And when you get that first image of 'ok, this is different', and you get excited with what you produced, you'll know you're on your way. The bug has taken root. Annd, well, it's Katy Bar the Door after that.
If desired, post here and get some insight from critique - from Knowledgeable photographers. There are a few very good and experienced professionals here- from studio to landscape/ animals kingdom, documentary, cityscapes. And some Very good, impassioned and motivated photographers - the same direction as above - that are here simply for the love of the image - ok, and the adventure!! :] And talking about the craft. And like family we often argue. Deal widit.
Above all, seek the lighting. All the rest, although important, is secondary. Disclaimer; Documentary and reporting may very well not be secondary - Story telling is the highpoint. whew, 'bout got myself into an argument here..
The structures of composition and tonalities of compelling black and white images makes for compelling color images - learning to see what makes it compelling will aid you in color images. Learning how to adjust settings for good slides garnered me a whole lot of experience in b&w and color - types and manufacturers of film as well. It's all a learning curve.
Post processing is a whole 'nother conversation.
You might search the internet for videos on photography composition. One of my current interests are from a guy who travels NC Europe; Mads Peter Iverson. You might also consider some publications from Bruce Peterson, Moose Peterson, the late Vivian Maier's work, and of course Ansel Adams, John Gerlach.
A suggestion is to find your path of interest, and, well, pursue it. It's a very rewarding journey. Best of luck to you.