Sensor confusion...
When the mention of camera sensor it is really sensor array. A sensor is an element in the sensor array that creates a pixel using four smaller 'sensors' called sensels. Each sensel capture light as RGBG (Bayer layer)
So in the hierarchy of it 4 sensels create a pixel. 4 sensels are elements of a sensor and all the sensors combined are a sensor array we commonly refer to as 'camera sensor' that create a pixel image.
Camera sensors ►
Type (CCD, CMOS)
►
Size in mm ►
Sensor per inch (SPI) or Pixel per inch (PPI) ► Size in pixel
►
Dynamic range ►
Color spaceInvariant sensorSensor Focus plane
Sensor Array
A sensor array size (z) is nothing more than the number of sensor of one side (x) multiplied by the other side (y).
z = x * y
z = pixel size as in (px * px) or (3600px * 2400px).
In more details...
x = length * sdi (sensor density per inch)
y = width * sdi (sensor density per inch)
Sensor size
Determines the sensor name
Crop factor
Dynamic range
This range is set by the brightest and darkest recording capability of a sensor, not a sensor array as a whole.
The dynamic is measured in Stops. This does not mean much unless you relate it to EV (Exposure value).
EV is set using ISO, aperture and speed. So the greater EV (DR) range the greater the exposure control.
DR is really - EV (dark) -0+ EV (Balance) +EV (Light) so a DR of 14 is -7 to +7
To make sure that things get more interesting a Sensor DR drops with higher ISO meaning that the DR is really at a maximal range when the ISO setting is set at the 'Base' ISO, usually around 100.
Now that you are a bit more informed let me throw a couple of wrenches:
► Invariant sensors... The ISO is... a variable after the fact modified using the exposure adjustment!!!
► Nothing at this point can display or print above 10 EV, even our eyes cannot distinguish the color shade subtleties when side by side.
Sensor plane
Also called:
→ Focal Plane
→ Image Plane
→ Film Plane
Sensor plane is the plane of focus inside the camera, in simpler term the sensor.
When a lens is focused the Sensor plane must be on the sensor otherwise the image will be blurred. This should never happen.
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