Richard B Whiting wrote:
Hi. I would like to find a ten stop ND filter to use with my Nikon 750 and a 77 mm lens. I know there are other similar lenses and I may end up with one but this is worth a try to me. Thanks!
First, it sounds as if you are looking for a fixed strength filter... not a variable one.
That's good because the variable filters are both expensive and often make for uneven effects and/or add ugly tints to images.
Ten stops is a pretty strong filter!
For example, out on a sunny day where you are using ISO 100, f/16 and 1/125 shutter speed... adding a ten stop ND filter will mean instead making an 8 second exposure. If you are in shade, deep woods or it's late or early in the day, that could easily end up being a 16 or 32 second or longer exposure! Of course, you also could use a larger lens aperture so as to shorten the exposure time... Instead of f/16, using f/5.6 is three stops difference or f/2.8 is five stops. Alternatively, you also could increase ISO, though that may not make much sense.
Probably the most widely useful single ND filter strength for still photography is six stops.
What you might consider is buying a six stop ND along with a three stop ND filter, which can be stacked and combined for nine stops if you ever need such a strong filter. You'd also have two other strengths available for the times when nine or ten stops is too much.
Also consider.... when a 10 stop filter is installed there's a good possibility a DSLR's auto focus will hunt, slow or fail entirely. It really depends upon the ambient light conditions. Your viewfinder will be dimmed down considerably, too. Those things can even happen in lower light conditions with a six stop filter. A possible solution is to use the rear LCD screen with Live View and Exposure Simulation. Otherwise you may need to remove the filter temporarily to focus, then reinstall it once you have set that (and locked it in).
There are many good brands of ND filters. I do recommend you get top quality glass and multi-coated for outdoor use. If photographing water where the filter might get splashed at times, filters with 15-layer or 16-layer "nano" multi-coatings are the most water (oil and scratch) resistant, as well as the easiest to clean.
I'm partial to B+W filters and their XS-Pro are nano multi-coated. But they're pretty expensive.
Freewell makes a series of filters that mount magnetically, so that they can quickly and easily be removed for focusing, then re-installed with less risk of bumping focus or composition.
Here's quite a selection of multi-coated 77mm ND filters in the three different strengths available at B&H Photo, sorted from least to most expensive:
https://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/products/Neutral-Density/ci/114/N/4026728350?sort=PRICE_LOW_TO_HIGH&filters=fct_circular-sizes_27%3A77mm%2Cfct_density_2336%3A0.9-3-stops-8x%7C1.8-6-stops-64x%7C2.7-9-stops%7C3.0-10-stops-1000x%2Cfct_features_2339%3Amulti-coated%2Cfct_nd-combinations_2338%3Astandard-ndsYou may wish to shop around.... Adorama, Amazon, 2Filter.com, and others may offer additional brands you seek.
Three stop ND are typically referred to as 0.9 or ND8 (B+W models are 103 and 803).
Six stop ND are referred to as 1.8 or ND64 (B+W 106 and 806).
Ten stop ND are referred to as 3.0 or ND1000 (B+W 110 and 810).
Note: Some of the listed filters have more standard 8-layer multi-coatings... which are good, but not as water & oil resistant.
For outdoor use under a wide variety of lighting conditions, I don't recommend uncoated or single coated filters. Those are fine indoors in controlled lighting. But may cause occasional problems outdoors.
Finally, some of the listed ND filters also offer additional IR light reduction. When a strong ND filter is used, IR is not reduced in the same way as visible light and may cause a color tint in some images. It's usually pretty easily corrected in post-processing, if not taken care of by the filter itself. There are also some filters that combine an ND with a Circular Polarizer (not on the above list). BTW, a standard C-Pol can serve similar purpose to an ND.... typically they can do as much as 2.25 or 2.5 stops light reduction, at their strongest setting... or around 1.25 to 1.5 stops at their weakest. Today there are also "high transmissive" C-Pol, which reduce less light, typically ranging from roughly.75 to 1.5 stops.