A little while ago there was a post, here on the Hog wedding section, about what lenses are best for wedding photography- I found that to be a great question and there were lots of good answers. I was about to post a reply but I kinda ran out of time around here- it got kinda busy. Also- I have some strange ideas about lenses so I decided to put my reply off for a while and write a new post about my approach to lens usage.
As professional wedding photographers we have a vast choice of lenses out there on the equipment market. There are many opinions and arguments about lens brands, makes, models focal lengths and types as to zoom or primes. I don't really want to get into those brand and style issues in that as professionals, I don't believe that anyone of us is going to use inferior equipment and there is hardly a mainstream lens maker that is producing a poor quality lens. Of course the lens is the camera's eye and its quality is important but for the purposes of this article, I will assume that y'all are using fine quality reliable lenses.
Some photographers are of the opinion that we can't shoot a wedding with a lens of a single fixed focal length. Old guys, like me, however remember a time when we did exactly that! Now, I'm not suggesting that we should give up our wonderful arsenal of fine glass but a bit of history is in order to help me explain my theory about lenses. Back in the day we started off with a 4x5 press camera and although the normal lens for that format, theoretically, is about 210mm, most press and wedding shooters preferred a focal length of between 127mm and 135mm- slightly wider that normal. In the medium format era, depending on the actual format in use, the preferred focal length range was between 75mm and 95mm although the theoretical "normal lens" was/is about 105mm or thereabout. In full frame 35mm, 50mm was the accepted norm although 45mm was popular.
Post press and candid wedding shooters preferred formats that were slightly wider than normal for a number of reasons. We often had to work in close quarters, we wanted lenses that afforded us a bit more depth of field and a bit more angle of view but with minimal intrinsic distortion. Oftentimes we had to shoot "blind" holding the camera over our heads or shoot rapidly by "scale focusing' and thereby depending on acceptable focus via depth of field. Slightly shorter that normal lenses worked well in all these situations.
Although large format press cameras had interchangeable lenses, actually changing lenses during a wedding shoot was not practical. The lens board would have to be uncoupled, the rangefinder cam changed and the front bellows extension had to be moved to an alternative set of infinity stops on the focusing track. All too time consuming with the potential of serious mistakes. Although some popular medium format camera enabled lens interchangeability, the popular twin lens Rolleiflex had fixed normal lenses. Back in the day, few wedding studios went to 35mm in that the grain structure of most faster films were too course and negative retouching was nearly impossible.
So...most of us used a single so-called normal lens and believe it or not, we managed well and there was some pretty high quality and artistic stuff going down in the wedding photography industry. We did lot of walking back and forth. We came in close for tight shots and walked backward for wider views. We shot full length formals from a kneeling position so that the camera was at the subject' waist level to avoid foreshortening. Close ups made from 6 to 8 feet away from the subject did not show any appreciable distortion. Even in that era, most normal and slightly shorter lenses hand little or no intrinsic pin-cushion or barrel distortion- the were, for the most part, rectilinear formulas. We could get nice "bokeh" by using wider apertures an stop down when more depth of filed was required. We managed to shoot ceremonies without really becoming obtrusive without having to "hide" somewhere at 60 feet away. Perhaps the presence of a professional photographer at ceremonies was somewhat more acceptable in the good old days.
Now folks- back to the future. Nowadays, even in the digital era, I still shoot quite a bit with my slightly wider that normal lenses or zoom settings, say between 35mm and 50mm on a full frame body! When I go to wide angle and telephoto focal lengths, I like to consider the "personality" of each of my lenses or focal length choices according to t the story I want to tell, the statement I want to make with any particular shot and the part of the story I want to tell with each image. So...lets look at some focal length "personalities"!
Normal lenses and zoom setting and those SLIGHTLY longer or shorter will render people and scenes in a perspective very close to what most folks actually see with their so-called naked eyes. With good lighting there is the illusion of dimension and the perception of depth. At normal viewing distance, prints, albums and screen images will appear as normal. Most folks (customers) can relate to this kind of imagery and it works well in a multitude of story-telling scenarios.
When we go to LONGER focal lengths and number of changes occur. Very long lenses tend to compress perspectives, that is, scenes or objects in the background seem closer to the subject. This can work in some situations but sometimes it creates a kinda claustrophobic effect, that's when it nullifies the illusion of space behind the subject- that sometimes cuts down on the illusion of depth. Of course, longer focal lengths can enable less depth of filed and better selective focus and "bokeh". This can be very effective in subduing distracting background, isolating the subject on a non-distracting background, creating a feeling of privacy and intimacy, enabling foreground vignetting and of course, medium telephoto lenses and zoom setting are great for proper facial and body style perspective in classical bridal portraiture.
Like everything else in life, certain elements of long lens usage can become too much of a good thing. I have seen wedding coverages with great close up detail shots and fine portraits with astounding "bokeh" and wonderfully artistic selective focus but it seems that the bride and groom and a few family members were at the wedding celebrations all by themselves. These is not enough atmosphere or activity in the coverage. This is mainly why I don't like to shoot the entire affair from a distance using my longer lenses and zoom settings.
Wide angle lenses, as the term obviates, has a wider field of view, at a given distance, as compared to a normal or telephoto lens. Perspective wise, at normal viewing distances, images made with wide angle lenses tend to show exaggerated foregrounds and backgrounds that seem further away. In most cases, wide angle lenses are not appropriate for most kinds of traditional portraiture, especially close up views, in that distortion of facial features, the rendition body styles and the length of limbs can appear exaggerated and distorted. Certain types of portraiture, entailing wide angle lens usage, can be accomplished in an aesthetically pleasing manner- I'll get into that later on. Wide angle lenses are outstanding for certain kinds of candid shooting in that at certain working distances and smaller apertures, they can furnish greater depth of field that normal and telephoto lenses. Wide angle views can include more atmosphere in any given shot and helps in the task of story-telling in a wedding coverage. Oftentimes, forced or exaggerated perspectives enable many creative compositions with dynamic lines and exciting and unique points of view.
So...as the “official wedding story teller” you the photographer get to choose the lens “personality” that will best make the statement you want to convey in each and every shot. You get to interpret each scene and event within the wedding day! You can work like a cinematographer making a “movie” using your wide angle lens to set the scene, your normal lens to create the “mediums shots” and you long focal lengths to come in tight for impact and detail. Even simple scenarios can take on a dynamic sequence. Of different perspectives and views.
Let's take a routine ceremony sequence: You are in the sacristy or anti-room at the church shooting out onto the altar. Your wide angle shot will show the couple, the bridal party in attendance and the officiator- setting the scene. This image may also show the entire congregation and perhaps the vastness of the church and such details as stained glass windows, the organ or choir loft and the floral decorations. Even a smaller church will take on a more majestic or interesting impression. A a normal or medium telephoto focal length will zoom in on the couple as the take their vows and exchange rings. A tighter telephoto shot will capture a more private or intimate glance- a special private moment between the couple- the out of focus background and foreground will add to the feeling of privacy and intimacy. A long focal length can pick out “faces in the crowd” to record the reactions of parents, siblings, close relatives and friends during the ceremony- perhaps some cute kids! You are creating sequences for albums as well as material for photo-montages and special effects that you will create in editing.
Sometimes reception shots of speeches and toasts can seem boring but with a wide angle lens you can easily frame the couple under the best man's arm as he raises his glass in a toast to the couple. A rim light from 135 degrees can turn a mundane shot into a cinematic visual experience. A wide angle lens can show the reaction of the couple to funny speeches and jokes (in the same shot) as theses events take place. We are telling the stories of the event, not just making stagnant portraits or flat snapshots.
Where the is ethnic or active rock 'n' roll dancing, with a wide angle lens we can hoist the camera over our heads, shoot from a high vantage point or even set the camera on the floor and capture some unique and breathtaking points of view. Working in comparatively close to this action gives the scene mere presence and excitement.
Medium telephoto lenses and zoom setting are extraordinary tool for classical portraiture. Shallow depth of field which can be obtained and wider apertures can produce impressive bokeh, help subdue distracting backgrounds and isolate the subject on a non-distracting background. Natural or studio-type vignetting can also be accomplished by shooting through foliage or using vignetting lens accessories- also incorporating shallow depth of field. Moderately long focal lengths enable rendition of facial and body style features in aesthetically valid and pleasing perspectives without distortion.
For the purpose of story telling, I have incorporated some “wide angle portraiture” in my wedding coverages. There is done with a moderate wide angle lens, say a 35mm prime lens or zoom setting in a full frame DSLR body of the equidistant for a smaller sensor. As I alluded to, most better lenses are of rectilinear design meaning that the do not have intrinsic distortion. Older lenses oftentimes exhibited barrel or pin cushion distortion.
Wide angle portraiture is where we incorporate more definite background detail in the composition to “tell the story”, Usually a ¾ view of the subject works well. The camera is kept parallel to the subject- no tilting up or down to avoid foreshortening or exaggeration of height. Smaller apertures will give us more depth of field and render objects in the background in acceptably sharp detail. The usefulness of this technique is only limited by the photographer's imagination. How about a shot of the couple with the entire church interior or exterior in the background- or the interior or exterior of the reception venue. Water fountain at night. Clients spend so much time , effort and money on choosing theses venues and locations, so why not record them in all their glory in you photographs.
On the other side of the coin, with a long enough lens and a wide enough aperture you can take a modest back yard or garden and make it seem like the Hanging Gardens of Babylon or turn a virtual “junk yard” into a perfectly suitable geometric abstract background. It all in your skills and the “personality” of your lens choices. As wedding photographers we oftentimes run into less that ideal shooting situations and locations. Sometimes a wedding assignment becomes an exercise in problem solving and working around obstacles. Savvy lenses and focal length choices are our weapons against boring, mundane, cluttered or mediocre imagery- that why some of us call out lens inventories an “arsenal”!
As a wedding photographer, I never considered myself only as a pure documentarian but more of an artistic interpreter, a color fantasist and a bit of a visual dream-weaver. After all, even the most modest couple who are getting married in a simple church or civil ceremony and celebrating with a back-yard barbecue deserve a fantastic wedding day and a set of images to match! That's why they pay us the big bucks!
OK- so I'm crazy! They let me out of the institution on weekends so I can shoot weddings- it's therapeutic!
With kindest regards, Ed