I found that the size of the card was not my issue, so much.
It was the speed at which the card could store the data.
So now I only shop for the Ultra high speed storage. I think mine store at 90-95 Mbs.
My first storage cards were down around 40 Mbs. I noticed I'd shoot, then have to wait while the image stored.
Finally, I figured out the card itself was the bottle neck. For both action at the Grand Kids' soccer games, and for star work.
Faster storage means faster recovery for the next shot.
Your stars certainly do not appear to be 30 second exposures. The stars and the voids between them appear nearly equal.
Just keep trying. Here is a primer on it as well:
https://petapixel.com/2013/03/18/how-to-photograph-star-trails-from-start-to-finish/#targetText=First%2C%20you%20will%20want%20to,lens%20you%20are%20shooting%20with.
A piece of equipment I found very valuable is an Intervalometer. My first was a wired type. I misplaced it, and got a remote controlled Intervalometer. MUCH more fun!
Here is a good article about it, and it also covers Canon.
https://expertphotography.com/intervalometer-photography/I also like to dabble in time lapse. So sometimes my camera is running the entire night, and using a battery eliminator.
If you find Polaris, you can do the circle Star Trails. Aim North, and 30° to 40° elevation.
Be sure you are in Manual mode.
You'll get it, it's just a matter of working at it until you figure it out with your camera.
And it's a lot of fun. I use a free program called StarTrails to process my images into trails.
https://www.startrails.de/