This is correct... fluorite elements are somewhat fragile and very often lenses that use it are deliberately painted a light color to reduce the chance of heat build up, which might lead to expansion of metals in the lens which in turn may damage the fluorite element.
Fluorite is used in lenses for two primary reasons: It is very effective at reducing chromatic aberrations and it's lighter weight than optical glass.
However, naturally occurring fluorite that's pure enough for use in lenses is rather rare and costly, especially in sizes large enough to make into lens elements.
Canon developed a means of "growing" their own fluorite for use in their lenses.... And they make extensive use of it, especially in telephotos. It's pretty rare to find fluorite in other manufacturers' lenses. You can buy a Canon lens with a fluorite element for roughly $750. The cheapest Nikkor with a fluorite elements costs over $10,000. AFAIK, Sigma, Tamron and Tokina don't make any lenses with fluorite. Not sure about Sony, Pentax or Olympus now. I know the latter two have used it in a few lenses in the past.
Some Canon lenses that use fluorite:
- three of the current Canon 70-200 models
- 100-400mm (both versions)
- 200-400mm
- all the Canon super tele primes (200/2, 300/2.8, 400/2.8, etc.... incl. Mk I and Mk II, as well as most earlier non-I)
The only "white" Canon lenses I can think of that don't use fluorite:
- 300/4
- 70-200/2.8 non-IS and the discontinued f2.8 IS Mk I
- 70-300L
- 400/4 DO (either version)
- 400/5.6L
I hardly think the minor differences in color has anything to do with lens design or serves any physical purpose. The rather slight color variation is probably due to a change in paint suppliers, types of paint or method of application... or was just done for marketing purposes.
Incidentally, when choosing cameras and lenses to use on the moon and for other space missions, reportedly NASA specifically avoided any lenses incorporating fluorite out of concern that the high G forces and heavy vibrations of launches and landings would damage the fluorite elements. They used Hasselblad cameras and lenses on the moon missions. They've used Kodak and Nikon gear for other, more recent missions and on the International Space Station.